 Election of 1860  Secession

 April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beauregard opened fire  Major Robert Anderson tried to hold fort but ran out of supplies  Lincoln declared South in rebellion

 VA, NC, TN & AK joined Confederacy  Borders States - between North & South  became very important to the North – DE, MD, WV, KY & MO

1. More Railroads 2. More Factories 3. Balanced Economy 4. Larger Population 5. Functioning Gov’t.

1. More Trained Officers 2. Defensive Position 3. Preservation of Way of Life

 The South  Fight a defensive war  Entice England or France to side with the Confederacy in order to keep its immense textile industry supplied with cotton  Fight a “war of attrition” in order to make the war as long, as bloody, and as costly as possible for the North in hopes that they would simply quit

 The North  Fight an offensive war and to overwhelm the Confederacy with sheer numbers of troops  Gain control of the West via the Mississippi River and march east towards Richmond  Gain control of the far South and march northward towards Richmond  Gain control of the Atlantic and march west towards Richmond

1. Bullet – long piece of metal w/ rounded end

2. Rifling – spiral groove cut inside gun barrel

3. Shell – Exploding cannon ball

4. Canister – Shell filled w/ tiny lead balls

5. Ironclad Gunboats – steamships w/ iron plating

 Draft – required military service  Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus – right to a trial before imprisonment

 Internal Revenue Act – tax on liquor, tobacco, medicine & paper  became Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

 Created National Currency: Greenbacks

 Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 – project to connect East & West w/ railroads

 Emancipation Proclamation: all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion were freed

 1 st African American Regiment  Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw  Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner

Rep. – Abraham Lincoln Dem. – George McClellan  Lincoln thought he would lose!  McClellan hated Lincoln!

 Just before the election Sherman took Atlanta  This victory changed the country’s outlook  Lincoln won re-election

North  Point Lookout, MA  Camp Chase, OH  Fort Delaware

South  Libby’s Prison, VA  Andersonville, Ga soldiers died a day - Commander guilty of war crimes

 TERRIBLE!  Docs did not sterilize equipment!  Went days w/out washing equipment!  High rates of infection

Some tried to make changes: 1. Clara Barton – gave first aide to troops & started Red Cross 2. Dorothea Dix – Organized Union’s nursing corps

NORTH  Flourished  Industry boomed  Women took jobs in factories SOUTH  Declined  Food Shortages  Still produced cotton & not food crops