INVASIVE SPECIES Introduction to Watershed Science Merritt College Marc Epstein, Instructor.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Proposed Indicators for Ecological Health & Diversity of Rangelands Rod Heitschmidt, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Miles City, MT and Linda Joyce,
Advertisements

Ecological Succession: (Important info in blue)
Invasive Plants and Weeds. Why Care? The spread of noxious weeds: Signal the decline of entire ecological watersheds. Severely impact the beauty and biodiversity.
By Ia.  English Ivy is from England, western Asia and Africa.  Non-native plants are called an invasive species: Invasive plants mean that the plant.
/ / Managing Invasive Plants to Protect Biodiversity.
2009 Envirothon Invasive Plants Carey Entz Watershed Specialist Lycoming County Conservation District.
HOW INTRODUCED SPECIES AFFECT ECOSYSTEMS Introduced Species.
Reproduces quickly through seed dispersal and horizontal root systems Create thickets in standing water and wetlands. Fragments of the yellow flag can.
Wildlife Management Principles. Goals What are some goals related to the management of wildlife habitats?
Tall Grass Prairie Ecosystem By Miss Sazenski. Location I am a Tall Grass Prairie. I am found all over the world—on every continent except Antarctica.
Grassland Biomes Chapter 8.
Grazing and Grazing Management. Positive Impacts Proper management – Reduced erosion – Improved water quality – Food for wildlife – Habitat and cover.
Welcome to Ridley Creek State Park Invasive Plants Workshop
Weed Control and Management INAG 116 / ANSC 110 February 19, 2008.
ENGLISH IVY ( Hederahelix ) -Perennial, evergreen vine - Native to Caucasus Mountain region of Central Eurasia - Introduced to North America in Over.
I have participated in a restoration project… 1.Yes 2.No.
Weeds Category E Turf and Ornamental Pesticide Applicator Training Manual Chapter 4.
Right Plant! Right Place! King County Noxious Weed Control Program.
Chapter 3.3 How Introduced Species Affect Ecosystems
Piedmont Region of Georgia
Invasive Species. What are native species? Native species are those that normally live and thrive in a particular community. They occupy specific habitats.
By: Courtney Thrams.  An Invasive Species is an alien species whose introduction causes or is likely to cause harm to the economy, environment, or human.
Types and Categories of Range Plants Jen Peterson.
Range Practices 1 Objectives and Range Practices under FRPA & Objectives & Objectives The Focus is on Results.
Introduction to Fire Ecology 5/25/07. What is Fire? Rapid oxidation reaction in which heat and light are produced. Exothermic Three ingredients – Fuel.
Lifecycle of a Tree. Lifecycle of Trees How to Measure & ID Week 1 Day 3 It is important that students understand the biology of trees to further be aware.
Weeds The Cancer of Our Land. Why Care? “The spread of noxious weeds may signal the decline of entire ecological watersheds. They severely impact the.
Biological Invasions. What they are? Why study // be concerned? Significant ecological and economic impacts Numbers are many and are increasing Outline.
The Power of Water: discussion on invasive species and river management Teacher Workshop August 2015 Irina Overeem.
Plains or Broadleaf Cottonwood Populus sargentii The Plains or broadleaf cottonwood is also the largest broadleaf tree of Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
These three elements form a “fire triangle.” Heat Oxygen Fuel.
Beneficial Management Practices for Saskatchewan Species at Risk: Burrowing Owl Endangered.
BIOLOGICAL definition of an invasive exotic NOXIOUS WEED - any plant regulated by a governmental body A WEED is any plant you don’t want.
Know Your Weeds! “Plants Out of Place” Frequently Seen at Cold Spring School.
Invasive Non-Native Plants in the Lower Elwha Watershed Elwha Ecosystem Restoration Preparing for the Revegetation of the Reservoirs Olympic National Park.
Land Usage.  Land use is the human use of land. Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment.
Ecological Succession Environmental Science. Ecological Succession  Ecosystems are constantly changing.  Ecological succession is a gradual process.
Introduced Species Enviro 2 Go Introduced Species An organism that is not indigenous to a given location but instead has been accidentally or.
Abrus precatorius (L.) Fabaceae
Lead Tree Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) Fabaceae. Biology Also known as leucaenaAlso known as leucaena Shrub or small tree < 20 feet tallShrub or small.
Rattlebox Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Fabaceae. Biology Native to South AmericaNative to South America Introduced as an ornamental for attractive leaves and.
Invasive Species An introduction.
Introduced Invasive Plants in California
Invasive Species and Biological Controls
Changes in Ecosystems: Ecological Succession of a Forest Biome.
Nandina Nandina domestica (Thunb) Berberidaceae. Biology Introduced from China and Japan in early 1800’sIntroduced from China and Japan in early 1800’s.
What is Range? Unit 4: Rangelands, Forests, & Fire.
ENVL CHAP 1 SEC 1 OBJECTIVES Define environmental science and compare environmental science with ecology. List the five major fields of study that contribute.
Mexican Petunia Ruellia brittoniana (Leonard) Acanthaceae.
Ecology and Food CENV 110. Topics Ecology: what is it? The difference between ecology and the environment Elements of ecology The balance of nature Food.
Invasive Species Invasive vs. Native Species
3.3 - How Introduced Species Affect Ecosystems Native species are plants and animals that naturally inhabit an area. Immigration to North America by people.
Wildlife Terms and Concepts
Tom Parker and Sarah Flynn Geum Environmental Consulting, Inc.
Rangelands & Forestry.
Idaho ablaze Pony & Elk Complex and Trinity Ridge Fire
Deciduous Forest.
Introduced Species.
Invasive Species An introduction.
Invasive Plants and Weeds
History and Management Practices
Utah Noxious Weeds 1. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)
Scotch Thistle Biennial Pink to lavender flowers
Wildfire and Invasive Species
A threat to the EPPO region
Invasive Plants and Weeds
You Can Help! Surveying for Terrestrial Invasive Species SLELO PRISM
Spanish Reed Arundo donax: Economic implications and Ecological realities of a riparian invader species Richard Knight, Botany, Department, University.
Introduced Species.
Invasive Species Invasive vs. Native Species
Presentation transcript:

INVASIVE SPECIES Introduction to Watershed Science Merritt College Marc Epstein, Instructor

WHAT ARE INVASIVES Non–indigenous (non-native) species: with respect to a particular ecosystem, any species that is not found in that ecosystem. Species introduced or spread from one region of North America to another outside their normal range are non-indigenous, as are species from other continents.

IMPACTS OF INVASIVE SPECIES A species whose presence in the environment causes economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Native species or non- native species may show invasive traits, although this is rare for native species and relatively common for non-native species.

TRAITS OF INVASIVE SPECIES Capable of doing significant harm to ecosystems, economy, or human health Capable of spreading without apparent natural controls (natural predators, disease) Population levels are unchecked Causing major change faster than native ecosystem can accommodate Changing major ecological processes (nutrient cycling, hydrology, fire regime, energy) Destabilizing environmental (physical or community) structure Forming undesirable monotypic stands of vegetation that replace diverse communities Reducing biodiversity/integrity, causing extirpations and extinctions Reducing or eliminating a natural product, ecological service or other valued attribute

ARRIVAL OF INVASIVES Natural – Unusual wind patterns (lost birds) Human importation Decorative Erosion control Agricultural production including timber and floral

EXAMPLES OF INVASIVES

ICEPLANT OR HOTTENTOT FIG (CARPOBROTUS EDULIS) Small mammal can carry seeds from iceplant form landscape settings to nearby coastal dunes. The vigorous groundcover forms impenetrable mats that compete directly with native vegetation, including several rare and threatened plants along the coast.

PERIWINKLE (VINCA MAJOR) This aggressive grower has trailing stems that root wherever they touch the soil. This ability to re- sprout from stem fragments enables periwinkle to spread rapidly in shady creeks and drainages, smothering the native plant community. This aggressive grower has trailing stems that root wherever they touch the soil. This ability to re- sprout from stem fragments enables periwinkle to spread rapidly in shady creeks and drainages, smothering the native plant community.

ENGLISH & ALGERIAN IVY (HEDERA HILIX & CANERIENISIS) When birds carry seeds of these popular plants into wildlands ivy’s can smother forest trees and understory plants by completely shading them, which also prevents regeneration of new tree and shrub seedlings. Ivy also harbors pests, such at rats and snails.

LICORICE PLANT (HELICHRYSUM PETIOLARE) Seeds are wind dispersed, and spreading branches will root at any point of contact with the ground. Licorice plant has been found displacing native plants in sensitive coastal areas.

SCARLET WISTERIA (SESBANIA PUNICEA) Birds spread the fruits of this small tree or shrub away from urban plantings. It has formed dense thickets along creeks and streams.

BROOM – SCOTCH, FRENCH, SPANISH, PORTUGUSE (CYRUS SCOPARIUS, GENISTA MONSPESSULANA, SPARTIUM JUNCCUM, CYTISUS STRIATUS) These four brooms have invaded over one million acres in California. The showy flowers produce thousands of seeds that build up in the soil over time, creating dense thickets that obliterate entire plant and animal communities. Brooms also create a serious fire hazard.

PAMPASGRASS (CORTADERIA SELLOANA) Wind can carry the tiny seeds up to 20 miles. The massive size of each pampasgrass plant with its accumulated litter reduces wildlife habitat, limits recreational opportunities in conservation areas, and creates a serious fire hazard.

COTONEASTER (COTONEASTER LACTEUS) Birds have spread the berries and seeds of these specimen shrubs to many different habitat types. With their rapid growth and competitive roots, cotoneasters displace native plants and animals.

STARTHISTLE – YELLOW & PURPLE (CENTAUREA - SOLSTITIALIS & CALCITRAPA) This is a widespread invasive found in cultivated land as well as roadsides, wastelands, and rangeland. The leaves and stems have sharp spines. These weeds not only discourage feeding they also can cause disease to animals that do eat them.

SALT CEDAR (TAMARISK RAMOSISSIMA) Also known as tamaris, this plant is shrub like and grows to 12 – 15 feet in height and forms dense thickets. The slender branches have leaves that are scale like and overlap each other along the stem. The plant is very disruptive to native plant communities.

RUSH SKELETONWEED (CHONDRILLA JUNCEA) Belongs to the chicory tribe of the sunflower family. A distinguishing characteristic of rush skeleltonweed is the presence coarse, downward pointing broken hairs near the base of the stem. The broken leaves and stems produce an milky white sap. This weed likes disturbed soils of roadsides, grain fields, pastures, and rangelands.

WHITE HORSENETTLE – SILVERLEAF NIGHTSHADE (SOLANUM ELAEAGNIFOLIUM) All the leaves and the stems have a dense, hairy covering giving it a silvery appearance. The stems are sparsely covered with short yellow thorns. The berries and to a lesser degree the foliage, are poisonous to livestock.

BAMBOO – GIANT REED (ARUNDO DONAX) A perennial grass that can grow to over 20 feet in height. Its fleshy, creeping rootstocks form compact masses from which tough fibrous roots emerge. The plants choke riversides and stream channels, crowd out native plants, interfere with flood control, increase fire potential, and reduces wildlife habitat. Root and stem fragments can float downstream and initiate new infestations quickly.

BARB GOATGRASS (AEGILOPS TRIUNCIALIS) A winter annual closely related to and resembling winter wheat, it is primarily a rangeland weed. It prefers dry, disturbed sites and will also invade grasslands. Mechanical injury to livestock can occur form the barbed awns on the seeds.

PERENNIAL PEPPERWEED (LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM) Dense colonies of this weed can grow to over 6 feet tall and have a spreading underground root system. Flowing from May to July, the small white flowers are produced on the ends of stems. It is an aggressive invader of wetlands in California and also found in native hay meadows and cultivated fields.

MEDUSAHEAD (TAENIATHERUM CAPUT-MEDUSAE ) Dense stands of this grass can develop in rangeland communities. Desirable vegetation, along with the ability to graze livestock, in greatly reduced. It contains much silica, which makes it unpalatable to livestock and native wildlife. The sharp awns can injure eyes and mouth of livestock.

KLAMATH WEED (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM) This erect perennial which grows to 3 ½ feet tall, has showy, bright flowers. The foliage contains a pigment that is toxic to light colored livestock when consumed in quantity. The animals can loose weight and develop a skin irrigation when exposed to sunlight.

HOARY CRESS (CARDARIA DRABA) Also known as whitetop, it is a noxious weed, which grows to 2 feet tall. It has creeping horizontal roots that vigorously produce new plants. It can establish itself in many soil types and it highly competitive with other plants.

REMOVING INVASIVES Removing of invasive plants is labor intensive and time consuming Removing of invasive plants is labor intensive and time consuming