LWB Refractories Quarry – York, PA Facing West

LWB Refractories Quarry – Unit Exposures Kinzers Fm. western patch reef “white marble” Triassic fanglomerate Approximate trend of shelf margin rim (E-W)

LWB Refractories Quarry – York, PA Facing West

LWB Refractories Quarry – “White Marble” and Triassic Fanglomerate “white marble” Triassic fanglomerate

LWB Refractories Quarry – Northern Benches Facing Northwest

LWB Refractories Quarry – Overburden Facing East

LWB Refractories Quarry – Polished Microbialite Reef Facies

LWB Refractories Quarry – Microbialite Reef Facies Karst Pinnacles in East Patch Reef

LWB Refractories Quarry – Submarine Cavity Filling Cements and Gas Escape Structure in East Patch Reef

Void filling radiaxial and herringbone calcite Gas escape structure

LWB Refractories Quarry – Submarine Cavity Filling Cements and Gas Escape Structure in East Patch Reef (Comparison with Polished Slab)

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Note Lighter Colored Band of Void Filling Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite

Band of calcite cement

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Note Calcified Algae and/or Bacteria/Cyanobacteria Shrub Above Calcite Filled Void

Microbial Shrub

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Close-up of Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement with Grainstone Layer at Base and Enclosure of Microbial Growth

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Close-up of Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement (Blue) with Grainstone Layer at Base (Purple) and Enclosure of Microbial Growth (Green)

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Fracture Filled with Secondary Bladed Calcite Crystals

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Grainstone Layer

Grainstone Layer

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Close-up of Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement Layer Enclosed by Microbialite

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef Cross Bedded Grainstone Strata

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef

LWB Refractories Quarry – In-Situ Pinnacle in East Patch Reef More Calcite Cement and a Gas Escape Structure

LWB Refractories Quarry – Triassic Fanglomerate Exposed Along Quarry Floor Facing South

LWB Refractories Quarry – Triassic Fanglomerate

LWB Refractories Quarry – Triassic Fanglomerate Facing North

LWB Refractories Quarry – Fault Contact Between Cambrian Ledger Fm. And Triassic Fanglomerate Facing North

Triassic Fanglomerate Cambrian Ledger Fm.

LWB Refractories Quarry – Triassic Fanglomerate Note Coarse Dolomite and Limestone Clasts in Fine Hematitic Matrix

LWB Refractories Quarry – Fault Contact Between West Patch Reef and Ooid Shoal Facies Facing South

Ooid Shoal FaciesWest Patch Reef Facies

LWB Refractories Quarry – Fault Contact Between Triassic Fanglomerate and Cambrian Ooid Shoal Facies Facing South

Cambrian Ooid Shoal FaciesTriassic Fanglomerate

LWB Refractories Quarry – Void Filling Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement and Gas Escape Structure Block from West Patch Reef Removed During Blasting; Scale Blocks in Centimeters

LWB Refractories Quarry – Close-Up of Void Filling Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement and Gas Escape Structure Block from West Patch Reef Removed During Blasting

LWB Refractories Quarry – Close-Up of Void Filling Radiaxial and Herringbone Calcite Cement (Blue-Shaded Area) and Gas Escape Structure (Yellow Circle) Block from West Patch Reef Removed During Blasting

LWB Refractories Quarry – Close-Up Grainstone Layer Block from West Patch Reef Removed During Blasting

LWB Refractories Quarry – View of Ooid Shoal Facies from Quarry Floor Facing South

LWB Refractories Quarry – View of Ooid Shoal Facies from Quarry Floor Facing North; Note Red Hematitic Weathering Products

LWB Refractories Quarry – View of Kinzers Formation Exposure Along North Quarry Wall

Kinzers Formation

LWB Refractories Quarry – An Amateur Film on High Energy Depositional Systems Double-Click Blue Screen to Play

References and Additional Information de Wet, C.B. and Dave Hopkins. “Pre-conference Field Trip: Ooid Shoals, Microbialite Reefs and Shoal Shoreface Sands, The Ledger Formation, LWB Refractories Site, York County Pennsylvania.” 73 rd Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists. September 25, de Wet, C.B., H.M. Frey, S.B. Gaswirth, C.I. Mora, M. Rahnis, and C.R. Bruno. “Origin of Meter-scale Submarine Cavities and Herringbone Calcite in a Cambrian Microbial Reef, Ledger Formation, (U.S.A.).” Journal of Sedimentary Research : Skinner, Ethan S. “Taphonomy and Depositional Circumstances of Exceptionally Preserved Fossils from the Kinzers Formation (Cambrian), Southeastern Pennsylvania.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology : Smoot, Joseph P. “Chapter 12A: Early Mesozoic – Sedimentary Rocks.” The Geology of Pennsylvania, edited by Charles H. Schultz. Harrisburg and Pittsburgh: Pennsylvania Geological Survey and Pittsburgh Geological Society de Wet, C.B. and Dave Hopkins. “Pre-conference Field Trip: Ooid Shoals, Microbialite Reefs and Shoal Shoreface Sands, The Ledger Formation, LWB Refractories Site, York County Pennsylvania.” 73 rd Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists. September 25, de Wet, C.B., H.M. Frey, S.B. Gaswirth, C.I. Mora, M. Rahnis, and C.R. Bruno. “Origin of Meter-scale Submarine Cavities and Herringbone Calcite in a Cambrian Microbial Reef, Ledger Formation, (U.S.A.).” Journal of Sedimentary Research : Skinner, Ethan S. “Taphonomy and Depositional Circumstances of Exceptionally Preserved Fossils from the Kinzers Formation (Cambrian), Southeastern Pennsylvania.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology : Smoot, Joseph P. “Chapter 12A: Early Mesozoic – Sedimentary Rocks.” The Geology of Pennsylvania, edited by Charles H. Schultz. Harrisburg and Pittsburgh: Pennsylvania Geological Survey and Pittsburgh Geological Society