Chapter 13: Countries of South America Bell Work: Grab Worksheets from Back Quick Review of Map outline from last chapter

Chapter 13: Section 1 Learning Objectives How has migration made the Guiana's culturally distinct from rest of S. America How do Ven. Characteristics influence their economy? What are the problems of a one-crop ag. System in columbia Vocabulary Mulatto Bauxite Llano Cordillera Campesino

How has migration made the Guiana's culturally distinct from rest of S How has migration made the Guiana's culturally distinct from rest of S. America Made up of Guyana, Suriname, and Fr. Guiana Europeans brought enslaved Africans to work on sugar plantations Asian began migrating there post slavery Majority of people in Guyana belong to 2 descents (over ½ Asian) Suriname= 50% Asian, 10% African descendnts French G= Similar to Sur. But more African and Mulatto %’s Economic Activities: All based on Shared natural resources; fishing, bauxite, sugar/rice

How do Venezuela’s Characteristics influence their economy? More typical to rest of S. America Spanish language, Mestizo/European descent Physical Characteristics Andean Highlands Waterfalls/Grasslands: Wet/Dry region important for cattle grazing Elevation/Climate: (see figure on pg.270) Leads to a variety of crops being grown at diff. elevations More dependent on elevation than prox. To equator Economic Activities Wealth lies in Oil, 4 large reserves lie in Llanos, Orinoco Delta, lowlands, and off-shore

What are the problems of a one-crop agricultural System in Columbia Physical Characteristics Similar to Ven. in having 3 distinct regions Lowlands, mountains, and llanos Dependent on single cash-crop of Coffee “All eggs in one basket” problem Similar problems to Brazil, land in hands of few Campesino’s barely able to grow enough food for family b/c of growing coffee

Lesson Closing Finish up any of HW not filled out If time work on parts of Project Finish Sect. 1 Quiz for Tuesday

Vocabulary Mulatto Bauxite Llanos Cordilleras Campesinos People of mixed African and other ancestry Bauxite Mineral used in making aluminum; Guyana is one of worlds largest exporters Llanos Spanish for “plains,” Grassy plain in Venezuela Cordilleras Related set of mountain ranges: The Andes here Campesinos Tenant farmers in Columbia.

Bell Work Quickly Work on any of Sect. 1 Quiz Go over Quiz 1 as class

Chapter 13 Section 2 Learning Objectives How have physical characteristics of Andean Countries affected people who live there? How are economies of Ecuador/Peru Similar? How do climatic conditions affect Bolivia/Chile Vocabulary Altiplano Paramo Timber line selva

Mtn Chain has divided nations into 3 Regions How have physical characteristics of Andean Countries affected people who live there? Mtn Chain has divided nations into 3 Regions Coastal Plains: Low plain that stretches along Pac. Coast Highlands: Peaks reach incredible heights w/ valleys and plateaus Rich soils and minerals are two main resources Tropical Forests: Eastern slopes of Andes into lowlands The Mtns are a great source of wealth, in soil and minerals, but also create a barrier to trade/migration

How are economies of Ecuador/Peru Similar? Ethnic Backgrounds ¼ of Ecuador and 45% of Peru are made up of Indians Another half of Ecuador is Mestizos, while over ½ of Peru is also Mestizo Ecuador Lands in hand of few Europeans, tenant and subsistent farming Discovery of Oil in Selva Peru

How do climatic conditions affect Bolivia/Chile Climate conditions affect what is grown there, and also makes it hard for foreign born citizens to be active Chile 2/3 of population is Mestizo Atacama Desert is uninhabited Most of population lives in fertile river basins bt. Andes and Coastal Ranges Productive summer climates come during that of winters in N. Hemisphere’s US/Europe Making them good markets for Fruits/Vegetables

Lesson Closing Get w/ 6 o’clock partners Work on Hands-on Geography Finish up Sect. 2 Quiz

Vocabulary Altplano Paramos Timber line Selva “high plain” located in Peru and Bolivia Paramos Plateau in the Andes of Ecuador Timber line Boundary above which continuous forest vegetation cannot grow Selva Forested region in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

Bell Work Study Map outline Complete Quiz Go over Quiz 2

Chapter 13 Section 3 Learning Objectives Physical Characteristics of S. Grassland countries? How have political conditions changed in Paraguay/Uruguay? How has urbanization affected Argentina? Vocabulary Estuary Piedmont Pampas Gaucho

Physical Characteristics of Southern Grassland countries? Made up of Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina Physical Characteristics Andean Region: Located in W. Argentina Include 4 highest mtns. In W. Hemisphere Tropical Lowlands: Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil Dense Shrub regions, Mild temperatures, wet/dry climate Grasslands (pampas): Argentina and Uruguay Temperate grasslands w/ warm summers and cold winters Patagonia: South of Pampas Windswept plateau, Dry and Cold climate

How have political conditions changed in Paraguay/Uruguay? Most people live in Eastern part of country Economy: Agriculture: cotton, grains, livestock Political Conditions Military Dictatorship for 35 years Dem. Elections since 93’ Successfully passed power w/ no violence in 2000 Uruguay Most people of European descent; Italian/Spanish Economy: Livestock, meat processing, wool/leather 75% land for livestock Political Conditions Military rule for much of 70s/80s Held free elections since 85’ People now required to vote Thoughts?

How has urbanization affected Argentina? Ethnic Background Mostly European descent w/ Italians/Spanish Urbanization Capitol City= Buenos Aires 88% live in cities Vibrant manufacturing business have created a “hub” of activity in cities. Led to heavy air pollution in cities

Lesson Closing Pick up Chapter Review Finish up any of Hand-on worksheet not finished! Complete Sect. 3 Quiz Test Monday Unit Review Tuesday Unit Test Wednesday

Vocabulary Estuary Piedmont Pampas Gauchos Broad river mouth formed where a flooded river valley meets the sea Piedmont Gently rolling foothills of the Andes Pampas Temperate grasslands located in Argentina/Uruguay Gauchos Cowboys that herd cattle