Kirill S. Ganzei PhD., Director of Information and Cartographical Center Russky Island (Japan Sea, Russia): land use and land cover changes from 2007 to 2014 and perspectives of development in future Vladivostok, Russia

China Russia North Korea Russky Island

At APEC Vietnam 2006 in Hanoi, Russia put forward a proposal to host the 2012 summit. Originally, Patrokl Bay (southern part of Vladivostok) was suggested as the site to hold the summit. The original plan was to build a palace to host the actual summit, and a number of five-star hotels for visitors. After the summit, the palace would be converted into a wedding palace, its conference center into the Opera, and the hotels into residential buildings. The proposal put forward for Russia to hold the 2012 summit on Russky Island, which was a closed military zone during the Soviet period, was confirmed at the end of the APEC Australia 2007 summit in Sydney. At a press conference in Sydney, the Governor of Primorskye Region, estimated the cost of hosting the summit at 6 billion USD.

Ajax Village at 2007 Year 2007 Area Sq. km.% Not involved in economic activity 92,9593,57 Residential zone 3,643,66 Nonuse objects (vacant estates) 1,211,22 Other 1,541,55 TOTAL area 99,34- Dirt roads 125 Land Use in 2007

Plan of FEFU CampusSeptember 2008 September 2010September 2011

July 2010 April 2012 September 2008 August 2011 Official nameRussky Bridge Carries4 lanes Total length3,100 meters Longest span1,104 meters Vertical clearance70 m Construction cost$1.1 billion USD OpenedJuly 2012

Total coast for Summit APEC 2012 preparing – 19,8 billon USD Total construction cost of Campus + infrastructure objects + roads on Russky Island – 2.2 billon USD Area of FEFU Campus – sq. meters 11 academic, laboratory and hostels buildings In FEFU educated students Campus of Far Eastern Federal University

Land Cover Changes of Russky Island from 2007 to 2014 Year Area Sq. km.% % Not involved in economic activity (condition natural territories) Forest lands 78,7979,3174,6875,08 Sparse forest lands 4,674,704,334,35 Shrub lands 3,153,172,882,90 Grasslands 6,036,075,775,80 Wetlands 0,29 0,33 Wastelands 0,02 TOTAL area of zone92,9593,5788,0188,48 Residential zone 3,643,663,033,05 Industrial, engineering and transport infrastructure 0,17 3,663,68 Military zone and public offices and emergency services 0,41 0,66 Recreation zone 0,41 1,011,02 Objects of cultural heritage 0,35 Scientific and education zone 0,02 1,471,48 Agriculture zone 0,01 Nonuse objects (vacant estates) 1,211,221,101,11 Lakes 0,13 Cemetery 0,04 TOTAL 99,34-99,47- ROADS (km.) Dirt roads ,5 Highways 22,3

Future development of Russky Island According the Roadmap of FEFU until 2020 must built second part of Campus Plan of Russian Government to make on Russky Island a territories of priority development. The mane goal of this plan to make a Russky Island a center of education, scientific and business activity for strong collaborative relationship between Russia and Countries of Asia-Pacific Region In 2013 took up a plan of Vladivostok City development Fig. Road map of Vladivostok City

Land Use/Cover Changes of Russky Island Year Roadmap Area Sq. km.% % % Not involved in economic activity (condition natural territories) 92,9593,5788,0188,48 16,6016,69 Social and business zone ,374,39 Residential zone 3,643,663,033,05 7,057,09 Industrial, engineering and transport infrastructure 0,17 3,663,68 3,083,10 Military zone, public offices and emergency services 0,41 0,66 16,0716,16 Recreation zone 0,41 1,011,02 38,2638,46 Objects of cultural heritage 0,35 11,7211,78 Scientific and education zone 0,02 1,471,48 1,881,89 Agriculture zone 0,01 -- Nonuse objects (vacant estates) 1,211,221,101,11 -- Lakes 0,13 0,07 Cemetery 0,04 TOTAL 99,34-99,47- - ROADS (km.) Dirt roads ,5 - Highways -22,3 87

The Government of the Russian Federation and of Primorye Region assigns the leading role to the Russly Island as the center of scientific, educational and international cooperation with countries of Asia-Pacific Region. Also plan that active development of the island and placement in its territory of the innovative centers will be a push for development not only Vladivostok, but also all Primorskye Region. At the same time, it should be noted that formation of the center of advancing development in the isolated territory can be an impetus to development of the neighboring territories in which development it is also necessary to attract big investments. Conclusion

Is it realistic development plan of Russky Island? It is very difficult to answer on this question. Budget of Vladivostok City and Primorskye Region isn't able to realize such projects. It will be possible only with the participation of the state and private capitals, in other words involvement of private investors. Now there is no created program of development of the island and the program of attraction of investments. The majority of development offers have isolated character and aren't connected by uniform strategy and the plan of action. Government services only begin work on creation of the program of development taking into account opinions of scientific, educational, private enterprises and local population.

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