Exploration and Settlement

Preview Activity ► Groups of students ► Students walked around claiming furniture with sticky notes ► One group started before the rest ► Other groups rushed to catch up ► First group had 30 sticky notes ► European countries ► Explorers claiming land with flags. ► Spain was first with Columbus ► Other countries tried to catch up ► Spain claimed the most land in the new world

Goals ► Identify the motives behind European explorations to the Americas ► Describe the differences between Spanish, French, English, and Dutch settlements in America ► Explain how European expansion and settlement affected Native Americans and West Africans

Word Wall Words ► Priests ► Trapper ► Mission ► Presidio ► Pueblo ► Colony ► Conquistador ► Slavery ► Plantation ► Columbian Exchange ► New World ► Explorers

People to Know ► Cartier ► Cabot ► Hudson ► Coronado ► Cortes ► Pizarro ► Columbus ► Minuit ► Stuyvesant ► Pocahontas ► John Smith ► Rolfe ► Joliet ► Marquette ► DeLeon ► La Salle ► Raleigh

Renaissance ► Increased wealth to pursue arts and education ► Mid 1300’s to 1600’s experienced a rebirth ► Science and technology

Renaissance

Direct trade with Asia Direct trade with Asia ► Trade with Africa ► Trade with Asia desirable but expensive ► Italian monopoly ► Marco Polo ► Spread of Christianity ► Technology of the Middle Ages

Columbus ► From Genoa ► Read Marco Polo ► Sail west to get to China ► Unknown ocean to the west (est. 10,000mi) ► Error in calculation

Columbus in Spain ► Ferdinand and Isabella ► Six year war ► Funded him to compete with Portugal ► “Pearls, precious stones, gold and silver” ► August 3, 1492 set sail with the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria (larger of three) ► Month passed with no sign of land ► October 12, 1492 land was sighted

The first explorations The first explorations ► Bahama’s and Hispaniola ► “Indians” but no gold ► 2 months, La Navidad with 20 men ► Treasures ► Reaction of Europeans Reaction of Europeans Reaction of Europeans ► Visitors ► Need to convert and explore

Columbus’s later explorations ► 3 more ► Navidad destroyed ► First to see South America ► Could not grow European crops ► 1502 last voyage with his son ► Shipwrecked and ruined ► Died unnoticed and unsung

How did Spain establish territorial claims in the Caribbean and South America? ► Cortes- Mexico ► Pizarro-Peru ► Columbus-Caribbean Islands

What was life like in the Spanish Settlements in the Caribbean and South America? ► Looking for gold ► Sugar Plantations ► Need for labor from Native Americans ► Disease killed large numbers of Natives ► Need for laborers from African slave traders

What type of relationship existed between Spanish and Native Americans living in the Caribbean and S.Am? ► Harsh treatment from Cortes on the Aztecs ► Pizarro killed the leader of the Incas even though he gave him the gold he wanted ► Diseases ► Slave labor ► Change

The Conquistadors ► Conquistador is Spanish for conqueror ► Cortes conquers Aztecs Cortes ► Impact of disease Impact of disease Impact of disease ► Pizarro conquers the Incas Pizarro

De Leon, Coronado, Cortes, Pizarro

How did Spain establish territorial claims in North America? ► Ponce de Leon discovers Florida in 1513 ► Hernando De Soto explores the southeast in 1539 ► Coronado is the first European to see the Grand Canyon in ► While in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola but found seven little pueblos

Cabrillo and California

What types of permanent settlements did the Spanish establish in North America? ► Pueblo- towns usually built upon site of Indian villages ► Missions: established by priests to convert Indians (S.F., El Paso) ► Presidios: military bases on the frontier (St. Augustine)

Presidio Presidio

Pueblo

Spanish Mission

What type of relationship existed between the Spanish and the Native Americans living in N.Am? ► Pueblo people learned about new tools, grow food, raise sheep ► Many converted to Catholicism ► Spanish learned new farming techniques ► Harsh treatment of Native Americans for slave labor ► Beating of those who did not convert ► Disease, death ► Rebellion

How did France establish territorial claims in North America? ► Cartier claimed Canada ► Champlain claimed the trading post of Quebec ► Marquette and Joliet explored the Mississippi River ► Robert La Salle claimed Louisiana

Race for Empires ► Cartier explores the St. Lawrence river in 1534 ► Religious civil wars between French Catholics and Huguenots ► Quebec founded by Champlain in 1608 ► First permanent settlement in the new world ► Champlain is the father of “New France”

What was life like in French settlements in N.Am? ► Fur trappers, or coureur de bois, and missionaries came to New France. ► Colony failed to grow ► Harsh climate ► Best land went to nobility ► Trading of furs

What was the relationship between the French and Native Americans living in North America? ► Business partners ► Friendly ► Huron close allies ► Enemies with Iroquois ► Diseases killed many

New France ► French economy relies heavily on the fur trade in the new world ► Indians trapped and traded with the French ► Blankets, guns, trinkets, pots, and pans ► Grew slowly ► Pierre Marquette and Joliet explore south of Great lakes in 1673 along the Mississippi River

How did English establish territorial claims in N.America? ► John Cabot in New Foundland ► Raleigh ► Roanoke ► Jamestown

English settlements ► New Foundland 1582 ► Sir Walter Raleigh attempts to colonize off the coast of North Carolina in ► Establishes the colony of Roanoke ► Second attempt in 1585 with 150 men and women

Lost Colony of Roanoke Roanoke ► Spanish Armada delays supply until 1590 ► No settlers found but buildings are standing ► CROATOAN ► Unsolved mystery

What was life like in Jamestown? Jamestown ► Difficult ► Swamp area with disease carrying mosquitoes ► Laziness from settlers ► John Smith took over during the starving time ► Native Americans refuse to trade during this time

Pocahontas and John Smith

Settlement at Jamestown ► London Company forms a Joint Stock company after the failure of Roanoke ► April 26 th, 1607, 3 ships and 105 male colonist sail for America ► Adventurers with little skill, disease, salt water, lack of supplies, harsh winter ► John Smith takes control ► Smith captured and “saved” by Pocahontas

Powhatan Confederacy ► Algonquian Indians ► Brought food, taught how to plant crops ► Colonist forcefully took supplies from time to time ► 1609, 400 more settlers came, John Smith back to England ► Starving time: winter of 1609 to summer of 1610 only 60 of 500 colonist survive

War in Virginia ► John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, a Powhatan chiefs daughter ► Colonist surviving on their own without Powhatan, want more land for tobacco ► 1622, colonist attack and kill Powhatan leader ► Rolfe is killed in retaliation with 350 other men, women and children ► War continues for 20 years

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How did the Netherlands establish territorial claims in North America? ► Henry Hudson in present day New York state and into Canada ► Peter Minuit buys Manhattan island

What was life like in New Netherland? New Netherland?New Netherland? ► Fur trade ► 8,000 people from many nations including Africans, Europeans, and Jews seeking religious freedom ► Peter Stuyvesant was the governor ► English drive the Dutch out and rename it New York English drive the Dutch out and rename it New York English drive the Dutch out and rename it New York ► Capital New Amsterdam

What type of relationship existed between the Dutch and Native Americans living in New Netherlands? ► Friendly with the Iroquois ► Supplied the Iroquois with guns and weapons to fight the Huron