7 Years War (French and Indian War)
A. Event leads to American Revolution (1776-1781) B. Last of series of four wars between Fr/G.B. Last and final conflict » only 1 fought N.A. At stake - each’s colonial territory in New World (North America) » Not New Spain Ownership: Britain Atlantic coast » Appalachian Mts./France App. Mts » Rockies » Canada to Gulf (whole mid section North America)
C. Causes Fishing Rights: Huge $/North coast of N.A. Timber: Lumber » building material of choice - Europe Fur: pelts = $ (warmth in Europe) Political rivals = land = size = power Religious differences = Fr. = hated Protestantism Boundary Issues: Where did each colonial possession stop/start?
D. Phase I: 1756-1762 French with Allies (Iroquois » feared) repeatedly defeat British with Allies (Algonquin » more peaceful) most fighting = New York colonies and Canada Important Battle » Ambush British general Braddock heading to Fort McHenry (Near Albany, NY) Arrogant Fought European style Wore British uniforms (Redcoats)
French use North American techniques Guerilla warfare techniques Stage ambush Result: Braddock & many troops dead mass chaos Few escape under young Lt. Colonel: G. Washington
E. Phase II - Turning Point New P. Minister: William Pitt (Pittsburgh, Pa.) “All or Nothing” Threw $, supplies, men into conflict British began winning *France’s land here too big to coordinate »Only Catholics could come over and settle (mistake)
Battle of Quebec September 1759 - Quebec Capital of New France (take capital = take all!) Commanders: Britain: Wolfe Fr: Montcalm Story of “Cliffs” Battle of “Plains of Abraham” 1. 2 hours long 2. Both young commanders mortally wounded 3. French defeated: 1763 (Done as N.A. Colonial Power) a) “Cajun”
F. Effects of 7 Years War Treaty 1763 - “Treaty of Paris” France lost 90% of N.A. New World territory Britain in Greatest European Power New Problems: How rule that large area? How pay for the war?
Solutions Tax Colonists: fought on their land/now they could expand over Appalachian Mts. Colonial reaction 1st real problem w/ Crown » “You said you’d let us cross with protection” Crown: “Sorry, no more $ - cross at own risk!” Proclamation Line 1963 *Leads to war!
Effects of 7 Years War A. Treaty not signed until 1963 B. New Problems Treaty of Paris France lost 90% of New World possessions Cajun people Britain greatest European power B. New Problems How rule large area? $ to pay for war?
C. Solutions Tax colonies » Colonist could now cross Appalachians » Spread West Don’t follow up on promise to protect colonist if they cross App. Mts. #2 angers Colonists = reason why fought 1st real grievance against Mother Country Called “Proclamation Line 1763” a. Beginning of problems - lead to war