Chapter 13 Pioneer Life Cornell Notes
Section 1: Population Growth The Republic Attracts Immigrants Rapid Growth: Anglo And Tejanos Homestead Act From the decade between the Battle of San Jacinto to Texas Statehood, the population TRIPLED Passed in 1839: Protected a family’s home, tools, and 50 acres of land from seizure for nonpayment of debts In 1836: Approx – 35,000 In 1846: Approx – 125,000 Slaves – 5,000 Slaves – 38,000
Section 1: Population Growth Fill Out Chart With The Person Next To You Agent Number of Settlers Area Settled W.S. Peters Henri Castro Adelsverein
Section 1: Population Growth Immigrant Agents Bring Settlers German Nobles Congress granted contracts to immigrant agents: people who were paid in land or money to relocate settlers to an area-to bring colonist to Texas Agents would receive 10 sections of land for every 100 familes 3 Most Successful: W.S. Peters and Associates Henri Castro German Emigration Company German Emigration – Adelsverein Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels and John O. Meusebach Established Several Towns (New Braunfels and Fredericksburg) 7,000 new immigrants by 1847
Section 1: Population Growth Slavery Continues in Texas -One in every four families had at least one slave By mid 1840s – slaves made up 30% of population -Harrison, Brazoria, Montgomery, Bowie, Nacogdoches, San Augustine, Washington, Red River Counties had largest number of enslaved people
Section 2: Texans on Farms & Ranches Texas Life Centers Around Farming Most Texans farmed or raised livestock Two main types of crops 1.) Cash Crop – crops used to raise money to purchase items that could not be made themselves 2.) Subsistence Crop – Food products eaten on the farm where they are grown Uses for Cotton (Cash Crop) Uses for Corn (Subsistence Crop) export Food for the people Use to make cotton cloth Food for animals Sell to textile companies Saved seeds for planting
Section 2: Texans on Farms & Ranches Men and Women’s role on the farms Both men and women worked hard on Texas farms Women usually took care of the animals and gardens and worked long hours preparing the food and making clothes Women would also clear land, cut wood, build fences, and even picked cotton.
Section 3: Commerce and Transportation Trades and Professions Industry and Commerce Fuel Growth Better Transportation Is Needed Texans began making living from job trades such as blacksmiths, carpenters, doctors, and TEACHING!!! John S. “Rip” Smith – famous Texas Ranger who was also a physician, lawyer, politician Most major industries were located in towns or along major roads or rivers (brickyards, tanneries, cotton gins, textile mills, ect…) Roads were poorly built Native American roads or originally built in Spanish and Mexican era Roads were unpaved, and rain made roads muddy
Section 3: Commerce and Transportation Stagecoaches And Steamboats Telegraph and Newspaper Stagecoaches become popular but expensive! From San Antonio to San Diego it would cost about $200 Steamboats operated on Texas’s major rivers While steamboats were comfortable and cheap, passengers would often run into sandbars and driftwood First telegraph connected Houston to Galveston Texas and Red River telegraph was chartered (or established by a state contract) in Jan 1854 Telegraph and Texas Register- the most influential of the early newspapers, originally from San Felipe, later moved to Houston
Section 3: Commerce and Transportation Social Life Formal Education Religious Diversity Flourishes Fiesta - a festival or religious celebration, that was part of the Hispanic culture and an important part of life for everyone Included dancing, games, exhibitions of art, and many food and drinks Texas had many private schools, but only Houston at the time had a public school - Governor Elisha Pease set aside 2 million dollars in 1854 as a permanent school find. - Colleges like Baylor University were founded by churches Since Mexico no longer controlled Texas, Texans were not required to be Roman Catholic - Protestant churches such as Methodists, Presbyterian, and Baptist grew in popularity