AP Physics V.B Nuclear Physics. 31.1 Nuclear Structure.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nuclear Chemistry.

Advertisements

Radioactive Decay. - Alpha Decay The emission of an particle from the nucleus of an atom is called alpha decay An alpha particle is just a helium nucleus.

Nuclear Physics. Outcomes What is the difference between alpha, beta and gamma radiation? What are the rules for writing equations of nuclear reactions?

Chapter 29 Nuclear Physics.

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Objectives: 9.0 Distinguish between chemical and nuclear reactions. 9.3 Identifying types of radiation and their.

The structure of nuclei Nuclei are composed of just two types of particles: protons and neutrons. These particles are referred to collectively as nucleons.

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity The nucleus is composed of particles called nucleons, which are protons and neutrons. The number of nucleons is called.

Chapter 30 Nuclear Physics

4 Basic Forces of Nature strong force = very strong, but very short-ranged. It acts only over ranges of order centimeters and is responsible for.

Nuclear Physics Nucleus: –nucleons (neutrons and protons) bound together. –Strong Force binds nucleons together over short range (~ m) –Nuclide:

Radioactivity Polonium and radium X-Rays

Radioactivity – types of decays presentation for April 28, 2008 by Dr. Brian Davies, WIU Physics Dept.

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay

1 Atomic Physics. 2 In 1896 Henri Becquerel discovered that certain uranium compounds would fog photographic plates as if exposed to light. He discovered.

Atomic Theory, Isotopes and Radioactive Decay

Half Lifes. Atoms Proton Electron Cloud Neutron Atomic Number Number of protons – change this → change the element Hydrogen has one proton and one electron.

Learning Targets I can name the force that holds the atom’s nucleus together I can describe the two reasons why some isotopes are radioactive. I can describe.

Objectives To learn the types of radioactive decay

Nuclear Physics Physics 12. Protons, Neutrons and Electrons  The atom is composed of three subatomic particles: Particle Charge (in C) Symbol Mass (in.

Radioactive Decay Calculations

1. Nucleons. Protons and neutrons 2. Nuclide

1 Nuclear and Particle Physics. 2 Nuclear Physics Back to Rutherford and his discovery of the nucleus Also coined the term “proton” in 1920, and described.

What is Radioactivity? Radioactive Decay. Nucleus contains protons and neutrons Electron circles the nucleus in orbits Proton: +1 charge, mass number.

Modern Physics Radioactive Decay. Look at the periodic table given to you. Find element with the atomic number 6 What is it?

Radioactivity Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

PHYS 221 Recitation Kevin Ralphs Week 14. Overview Nuclear Physics – Structure of the Nucleus – Nuclear Reactions.

Atomic Structure Chapter 4

Nuclear Chemistry. Two main forces in nucleus  Strong nuclear force—all nuclear particles attract each other  Electric forces—protons repulse each other.

Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry Ms.Piela.

Alpha Decay. Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay Beta Decay.

Nuclear Physics Nucleus: –nucleons (neutrons and protons) bound together. –Strong Force binds nucleons together over short range (~ m) –Nuclide:

Radioactivity Nuclear Chemistry. Discovery of Radioactivity Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays in Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts.

Nuclear Decay Notes Stability Curve Atomic number Z Neutron number N Stable nuclei Z = N Nuclear particles are held.

Nuclear Chemistry “Bravo” Test 1954 – 15,000 kilotons.

Nuclear Chemistry “Bravo” Test 1954 – 15,000 kilotons.

Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy Chapter 19 neFFc&feature=related.

Radioactive Decay Read pages THE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE Atoms are held together by.

S-145 What is the difference between the terms radioactive and radiation?

The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons. The number of protons is the atomic number. Protons plus neutrons is the atomic.

Chapter 15 Nuclear Radiation

Nuclear Chemistry The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons Multiple nuclei is.

proton mass, m p = x kg = u neutron mass, m n = x kg = u electron mass, m e = x 10.

CHAPTER 25 Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 31: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

Nuclear Radiation 9.2. The Nucleus Protons and neutrons Charge of electrons and protons – x C = e –Proton +e –Electron -e.

Radioactive Decay Quick Review Atom made of 3 subatomic particles Protons (positive, inside nucleus) Protons (positive, inside nucleus) Electrons (negative,

Radioactive Decay.

Chapter 29:Nuclear Physics

Nuclear Reactions. Elementary Particles  The only atomic particles that play a part in nuclear reactions are the protons and the neutrons; electrons.

Nuclear Physics Nuclei atomic number Z = protons

What is going on in there?

Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity AP Physics Chapter 30.

Types of Radioactive Decay Kinetics of Decay Nuclear Transmutations

IB Physics 12 Mr. Jean January 15th, 2014.

Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Structure Nucleus – consists of nucleons (neutrons and protons) Nucleus – consists of nucleons (neutrons and protons) Atomic.

Physics 12 Mr. Jean January 13th, 2012.

Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons.

Nuclear Physics Chapter Li lithium name symbol atomic number (# of p + ) average atomic mass electrons in outer energy level.

Atomic Structure - Bellwork What experiment did Rutherford perform that identified positively charged nucleii in an atom? What do we call Thomson’s atomic.

II. The Nucleus of the Atom. What makes up the nucleus of an atom? A. Compostion (Nucleons) 1. Protons a. Mass universal mass units b. Indicated.

Radioactive Decay and Half Life of Isotopes. Radioactive decay Alpha, Beta and Gamma.

Nuclear Chemistry. Review: Parts of the Atom Electron (-) Proton (+) Neutron.

Nuclear Physics An Introduction. What does it mean when something is “Radioactive”? Atomic nuclei that emit particles and energy are said to be radioactive.

Nuclear Radiation.

Chapter 29:Nuclear Physics

Radioactivity Nuclei that are unstable decay; many such decays are governed by another force called the weak nuclear force. Radioactive rays were observed.

Presentation transcript:

AP Physics V.B Nuclear Physics

31.1 Nuclear Structure

Rutherford’s Scattering Experiment

Mass and charge of... Protons Neutrons

Symbolically... Atomic mass number (protons and neutrons) Atomic number (protons) Chemical symbol A = N + Z

“OK, let’s just drop Z”

Isotopes

Atomic mass units

Conversion of atomic mass units to energy

31.2 The Strong Nuclear Force and Binding Energy

Take carbon-12 for instance

The total mass of a stable nucleus is always less than the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons. Or, philosophically, “The sum of the parts is greater than the whole.”

So where is the extra mass?

Note: binding energy is not something a nucleus has. It is something is lacks. Binding energy is much larger than the energy required to eject an electron.

Ex. Calculate the total binding energy for iron-56.

Ex. Calculate the total binding energy for helium.

Keeping it all together

The strong nuclear force Approximately one-million times e-m forces Attractive between all nucleons Currently, there is no mathematical description Short range – falls to zero beyond the diameter of the nucleus

Fig Note: up to approximately protons N = Z. Beyond this stable nuclei contain more protons than neutrons. Why?

For nuclei with more than 83 protons...

p. 972: 10-13, 14, 07B EE -27 kg MeV MeV 07B7 a u b.3.46 EE -12 J c.8.66 EE 31 d.8.69 EE 9 kg

31.4 Radioactivity

Henri (you can call him “Henry”) Bequerel

The Curies

Three types of radioactivity

1. Alpha decay – emits a He nucleus

General form of alpha decay

Converted energy of alpha decay Kinetic energy of the alpha particle Recoiling energy of the parent nucleus

Ex. Find the energy released when uranium-232 decays to thorium 228.

2. Beta Decay – the emission of an electron (not an orbital electron)

“Whoa, dudes, how does that happen?”

More complications – add the neutrino (and its evil cousin the anti-neutrino)

Neon to fluorine and the positron

General form for beta decay

3. Gamma Decay – emission of a gamma ray because of a change in energy level in the nucleus

General form for gamma decay *Indicates excited state