Review- Verb Endings, Present Tense: 3 rd –iō and 4 th Conjugations Latin II Magister Henderson

Third -iō Conjugation Verbs In addition to the regular third conjugation verbs there is a subclass called third conjugation “-iō”. These verbs have an infinitive form that ends in –ere, but otherwise are more similar to verbs of the fourth conjugation. These verbs always have an “i” that appears before the “ō” of the first person singular form and the “-unt” of the third person plural form.

The Third -iō Conjugation capiō, capere = to capture Notice that the first person plural, third person singular, and both second person forms resemble verbs of the regular third conjugation. The only differences are the –iō ending of the first person singular and –iunt of the third person plural.

Third -iō Conjugation Verbs accipiō, accipere = to take [accept] conficiō, conficere = to complete [confection] faciō, facere = to do [factual] fugiō, fugere = to flee [fugitive] iaciō, iacere = to throw [eject] incipiō, incipere = to begin [inception] recipiō, recipere = to receive [reception] speciō, specere = to look at [suspicious]

Fourth Conjugation Verbs The fourth conjugation has as its theme vowel the letter “i”. These verbs have “–īre” as their infinitive ending. Fourth conjugation verbs look very similar to third –iō conjugation verbs. Both sets of verbs have an “i” before the “ō” of the first person singular and the “-unt” of the third person plural.

The Fourth Conjugation dormiō, dormīre = to sleep Notice that the first person plural, third person singular, and both second person forms resemble verbs of the regular third conjugation. The only differences are the –iō ending of the first person singular and –iunt of the third person plural.

Fourth Conjugation Verbs aperiō, aperīre = to open [aperture] audiō, audīre = to hear [audible] inveniō, invenīre = to find [invention] nēsciō, nēscīre = to not know perveniō, pervenīre = to arrive sciō, scīre = to know [science] sentiō, sentīre = to feel [sensory] veniō, venīre = to come [venture]

Telling Them Apart Regular 3 rd conjugation verbs have no “i” before the “-ō” of the first principal part. Both 3 rd conjugation and 3 rd –iō conjugation verbs have infinitives that end in “–ere”. 4 th conjugation verbs all have a first principal part that ends in “-iō” conjugation verbs. Both sets of verbs have an “i” and an infinitive that ends in “-īre”. Conjugation1 st Person SingularPresent Infinitive 3 rd Conjugationponōponere 3 rd -iō Conjugationiaciōiacere 4 th Conjugationsciōscīre