Ford and Carter Administrations

OPEC Oil Embargo OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Members in : Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Venezuela, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, Nigeria, Algeria, Ecuador Members in : Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Venezuela, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, Nigeria, Algeria, Ecuador Oil Embargo on Israel’s allies from 1973 Yom Kippur War Oil Embargo on Israel’s allies from 1973 Yom Kippur War Oil Embargo on Israel’s allies Oil Embargo on Israel’s allies Leads to inflation (oil increases 400% in one year) Leads to inflation (oil increases 400% in one year)

Stagflation Stagflation = Recession AND Inflation / Inflation + Unemployment Started in 1960s; Peaked in 1970s Causes: Oil Embargo & War Deficits lead to Inflation Foreign Competition lead to Unemployment & Recession

Gerald Ford Only President never Only President never elected to office elected to office Was Ford’s pardon of Nixon good or bad for the nation? (speech) Was Ford’s pardon of Nixon good or bad for the nation? (speech)(speech) Aftermath of Vietnam Aftermath of Vietnam Continued détente Continued détente Helsinki Accords Helsinki Accords Defeated by Jimmy Carter (D) in 1976 elections Defeated by Jimmy Carter (D) in 1976 elections

Jimmy Carter ( ) “Washington Outsider” “Washington Outsider” –pros/cons –Former navy officer –Peanut Farmer –Governor of Georgia –Devout Baptist Question: Carter’s Greatest Achievements? Failutres? Question: Carter’s Greatest Achievements? Failutres? Focus on human rights and diplomacy, rather than military force Focus on human rights and diplomacy, rather than military force –E.g. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan leads to U.S. boycott of 1980 Olympics in Moscow and withdrawal from SALT II treaty Campaign T-Shirt

Carter Administration Achievements: * Human Rights * 1978 Camp David Accords Peace b/w Egypt and Israel Problems Problems: * Continued Stagflation * Iranian Hostage Crisis

Carter’s Downfall Iran-Hostage Crisis Iran-Hostage Crisis  QUESTION: How should Carter have responded?  Historical Context: 1953 CIA coup CIA helped to place Shah Reza Pahlavi back on the throne after Iran attempts to nationalize oil industry EVENTS: Ayatollah Khomeini takes power Islamic Fundamentalist cleric Shah overthrown After Shah admitted to US, American embassy is taken with 66 hostages Hostages released hours after Reagan’s Inauguration (444 days)

Malaise QUESTION: Explain several events of the 1970s that contributed to the “general feeling of malaise” QUESTION: Explain several events of the 1970s that contributed to the “general feeling of malaise” Watergate Watergate Stagflation Stagflation Energy Crisis Energy Crisis Iran Hostage Crisis Iran Hostage Crisis Three Mile Island Three Mile Island Eroding National Confidence Eroding National Confidence Carter Speech – QUESTION: What impact do you think this speech would have on Americans? On Carter’s popularity? Carter Speech – QUESTION: What impact do you think this speech would have on Americans? On Carter’s popularity? Carter Speech Carter Speech Ford and Carter funnies Ford and Carter funnies FordCarter FordCarter