U. S. RESPONSE TO TERRORISM PART III APRIL, 2013

“WHAT OTHER MILITARY PROGRAMS HAS US USED…?”  COVERT METHODS  1. “Extraordinary rendition”: secret programs for secret locations  Detainees taken to secret prisons in Egypt, Syria, Uzbekistan, & Algeria  Extreme methods to gather info

#2  Guantanamo Bay  “Black site” CIA  Prisons—Obama wants them closed

GITMO

GITMO PROTEST

#3: DRONE ATTACKS  UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle  Remote control  CIA has targeted Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, & Somalia  Since 2004: militants in Pakistan killed  Large number of civilians killed, villages attacked

DRONES

REMOTE CONTROL

CONTROVERSIAL

DRONES  Unacknowledged, but known  Successful against al Qaeda  2009: 58 attacks  2010: 117 attacks  Controversial: a. civilians attacked & killed b. secret, so difficult to determine legitimacy of attacks—no public debate or discussion

DRONES  Assassination of terrorist leaders—no prisoners or trials of leaders  Anwar al-Awlaki—anti-US cleric  Debate: illegal or legal?  Government defense: Military enemies of USA, threats to US security

OTHER MEASURES AGAINST AL QAEDA & TERRORISM  ECONOMIC WEAPONS: 1.Clinton: block $ transactions b/ al Qaeda & US companies, citizens 2. Bush: Banks & charities sending $ to terrorists 3. US pressures foreign banks al Qaeda cannot use “normal” banks—uses couriers 4. US: more funding for HEW in nations where terrorism is a problem

O’Bama—June, 2009  “We…know that military power alone is not going t solve the problems in Afghanistan and Pakistan.”

Post 9/1 relations b/ US et al.  Uk, France, Russia, et al  Diplomatic support  Shared intelligence  Opposition to war in Iraq  Opposition to treatment of terrorists  O’Bama has reached out to Muslim world

O’Bama at Al-Azhar U, Cairo 6/2009  “I have come here to seek a new beginning b/ the US & Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect; one based upon the truth that America & Islam are not exclusive, and need not be in competition. Instead, they overlap, & share common principles— principles of justice & progress; tolerance & dignity of all human beings.”

Pakistan  US ally  Previous support of Taliban  Pos 9/11 allowed US troops based in Pakistan  And, US lifted sanctions caused by Pakistani nuclear test in 1998  Pakistani border: haven for terrorists—key problem

Bin Laden  His death: problem; increased tensions b/ US & Pakistan  Abbottabad: 1 mile from military academy; 40 miles from capital city  Pakistani intelligence??  Pakistanis angry that US entered w/o permission  Pakistan: doesn’t feel like an = partner in fight against al Qaeda & Taliban

Domestic Security  Balance b/ principle & security  Department of Homeland Security  Created by Bush 43  Response to domestic terrorism  Key issues:  Civil defense  Trade  Infrastructure  Visitors & Immigration  Border Control

Civil Defense  Prepare for domestic attack  Stockpiling meds & vaccines  Responses to chemical, biological, or nuclear attack  Hurricane Katrina response was alarming  More funding for emergency ops, communications, hospital preparedness

Trade  Economic openness  International trade: $3 trillion  Increased traffic of goods— complications  In a crisis: transportation system (and trade) was shut down  Challenge: how to keep transportation functioning

Infrastructure  Transportation  Telecommunications equipment  Water & power supplies: critical to sound economy

Infrastructure  Limited areas: oil deliveries in regional ports  Attack on a port can paralyze US economy  E. G., US Cole in Yemen in 2000  New challenges strain Coast Guard personnel & equipment

Visitors/Immigration  2010: 60 million visitors in USA  9/11 hijackers: foreign nationals  FBI received info on 2 9/11 hijackers relating to U. S. Cole—could not find them  INS: no luck  No awareness of immediate threat, so no nitification of FAA, et al

Visitors/Immigaration  How to keep track of overstay or misuse visa  Need more personnel  Need technology that enables shared intell b/ all US agencies  US openness is key to economic success: immigration brings skills and labor supply

Border Control  Thousands of miles of borders  350 international points of entry into USA  Vulnerable to: 1) illegal economic immigration; 2) drug smuggling; 3) entrance of international terrorists  Safety vs. surveillance

Shared Intelligence  Homeland Security Department works with USICS Customs Service Border Patrol Et al  Need: updated electronic information systems—p. 27

QUESTIONS TO PONDER  1. Whys has the USA been targeted by terrorists?  2. Why do some think that many Americans will die on American soil?  3. Why and with whom has the US forged many alliances in the war on terror?

CONTINUED  4. Name 5 domestic issues that the USA faces in the war on terror. Explain 2 in detail.