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Presentation transcript:

What is plankton? Organisms that drift with the currents Mostly very small (1/1000 mm to 10 mm) Plants of the plankton are single-celled algae (phytoplankton) hair 50 µm chain of algae cells (diatom) flagellate algae

Large phytoplankton

Tiny phytoplankton

Microzooplankton

Larger zooplankton

Ware & Thomson 2005 Science 308

B. Anderson and D.J. Patterson Prochlorococc us

Lalli and Parsons

What is the amount (and rate) of production? What types of organisms are being produced? Why?

What is the amount (and rate) of production? What types of organisms are being produced? Why?

Amount (and rate) of production affected by: Resources: light, nutrients Consumption: removal by grazers

P Si N P N LIGHT NUTRIENTS Phytoplankton resources are partitioned by depth: N Fe

P Si N P N LIGHT NUTRIENTS Phytoplankton resources are partitioned by depth: N Fe Phyto can only grow where there is light

P Si N P N LIGHT NUTRIENTS Phytoplankton resources are partitioned by depth: N Fe Phyto can only grow where there is light Deep waters become enriched through sinking and decomposition of material produced at surface

Si P P N N Mixing changes availability of resources to phytoplankton: LIGHT NUTRIENTS N Fe

Lower density (warmer, fresher) Layering due to density differences (stratification) opposes mixing Higher density (colder, saltier)

Lower density (warmer, fresher) Layering due to density differences (stratification) opposes mixing Higher density (colder, saltier)

Lower density (warmer, fresher) Heating, precipitation, and runoff all contribute to lower density surface waters Higher density (colder, saltier)

Is mixing a good thing for phytoplankton? (Does it increase resource availability and growth rate?) ?

It depends...

Amount (and rate) of production affected by: Resources: light, nutrients Consumption: removal by grazers

Day 1 Daily production

Day 1 Daily production Daily consumption Day 2

What is the amount (and rate) of production? What types of organisms are being produced? Why?

Species produced are also affected by: Resources: light, nutrients Consumption: removal by grazers

SiO4 NO3 Nutrients: amount and ratios

SiO4 NO3 Nutrients: amount and ratios

Grazers: selective feeding Larger cells become dominant

Oceanographic processes affecting resource availability (and thus production) in our region: 1.Tides 2.Upwelling 3.River plumes 4.Estuarine circulation

Oceanographic processes: TIDES

Oceanographic processes: UPWELLING

Brings deep nutrients to surface

Oceanographic processes: UPWELLING Strongest in summer

Oceanographic processes: RIVER PLUMES Fraser

Oceanographic processes: RIVER PLUMES --suspended sediments can block light Fraser suspended sediments Mississippi plume

Oceanographic processes: RIVER PLUMES --fresh water reduces surface salinity, promotes stratification

Oceanographic processes: RIVER PLUMES --can bring nutrients into coastal ocean…

Oceanographic processes: RIVER PLUMES --but this depends on the watershed

Can have nutrient depletion in bays and inlets with restricted flow: vulnerable to human inputs (sewage, fertilizer) Saanich Inlet, Vancouver Island

Estuarine circulation in the Salish Sea brings it all together

River discharge drives surface outflow

Estuarine circulation in the Salish Sea brings it all together Subsurface nutrients mixed up to surface at plume interface

Estuarine circulation in the Salish Sea brings it all together Inflow of nutrient-rich water from coastal upwelling

Estuarine circulation in the Salish Sea brings it all together Tides promote mixing over sills

Combined with seasonal increases in light, these sources of nutrients MAKE OUR WATERS GREEN