Cambodia Relief Project Brian Cantalupi Tingting Yu

Overview of Presentation Few Facts of Kingdom of Cambodia Few Facts of Kingdom of Cambodia Cambodian History Cambodian History Khmer Empire Khmer Empire Civil War Era Civil War Era Economic Situation and Relief Economic Situation and Relief

Kingdom of Cambodia Mekong River – Mother Kong Third Longest River in the World

Facts about Cambodia Capital: Phnom Penh Capital: Phnom Penh Official Language: Khmer – South India Origin Official Language: Khmer – South India Origin Religion: Theravada Buddhists, Muslim Cham Religion: Theravada Buddhists, Muslim Cham Government: Democratic Const. Monarchy Government: Democratic Const. Monarchy Area: 70,000 sq. mi – Oklahoma Area: 70,000 sq. mi – Oklahoma

History Outlines This is Cambodia History: a thousand intertwined branches, a thousand stories woven together, a thousand currents of history swirling in different directions.

Timeline of Cambodian History Early Civilization: a Self-Governing State Early Civilization: a Self-Governing State Foreign Invasions to Cambodia Foreign Invasions to Cambodia Civil Wars and Auto-genocide Civil Wars and Auto-genocide Khmer Tribes 1 st A.D.5 th A.D 15 th A.D. Khmer Empire 19 th A.D. Dark Ages 1953 Colonial Time 1979 Civil War and Khmer Rouge

Khmer Empire Capital: Angkor Influence of Hinduism and Buddhism Major regional power in South East Asia Major Architecture Achievements –Angkor Wat places/videos/video_cambodia_camb odia.html places/videos/video_cambodia_camb odia.html

Vietnam War in Cambodia Cambodia: a neutral state in the war Cambodia: a neutral state in the war 30,000 poorly equipped Cambodian soldiers vs. 180,000 Vietnamese Army 30,000 poorly equipped Cambodian soldiers vs. 180,000 Vietnamese Army Vietnamese presence in Cambodia  bombing and landmines of Cambodia by the American forces Vietnamese presence in Cambodia  bombing and landmines of Cambodia by the American forces

Landmines in Cambodia 10 million: A landmine for every Cambodian 10 million: A landmine for every Cambodian The costs of laying mine = $3 US per mine, The costs of laying mine = $3 US per mine, The costs of removal one = $1000 US The costs of removal one = $1000 US

Civil War Era Rise of Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot – an extremist Communist Party in Rise of Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot – an extremist Communist Party in Three years of “peace time” Three years of “peace time” Khmer Rouge Flag

Pol Pot’s Beliefs pure agrarian society, the peasants are the true rulers of the country – idealization of peasant life in Cambodian community pure agrarian society, the peasants are the true rulers of the country – idealization of peasant life in Cambodian community pure blood of Cambodian nationality pure blood of Cambodian nationality I want you to know that everything I did, I did for my country. --Pol Pot

Regime of Khmer Rouge Start of “Year Zero” – Eight-Point Program Start of “Year Zero” – Eight-Point Program Evacuate people from all towns and cities Evacuate people from all towns and cities Abolish all markets, personal properties Abolish all markets, personal properties Abolish currency Abolish currency Defrock all Buddhist monks Defrock all Buddhist monks Execute all old regime leaders Execute all old regime leaders Establish communal co-operations Establish communal co-operations Expel entire Vietnamese population Expel entire Vietnamese population Dispatch troops to Vietnam border Dispatch troops to Vietnam border

Khmer Rouge “To preserve you is no gain, to destroy you is no loss.” “To preserve you is no gain, to destroy you is no loss.” 20% Cambodian population perished 20% Cambodian population perished Intelligence is not a virtue, but a threat Intelligence is not a virtue, but a threat Execution of educated people and non-Khmer- origin populations, handicapped, etc. Execution of educated people and non-Khmer- origin populations, handicapped, etc.

The Killing Fields Killing fields : ranges from 3.3 millions to 2.5 millions. 1.7 m died of execution, and the rest of starvation Killing fields : ranges from 3.3 millions to 2.5 millions. 1.7 m died of execution, and the rest of starvation In order to save ammunition, the convicted were often executed using hammers, axe handles, spades or sharpened bamboo sticks. The soldiers who committed the executions were mostly young men or women from peasant families. In order to save ammunition, the convicted were often executed using hammers, axe handles, spades or sharpened bamboo sticks. The soldiers who committed the executions were mostly young men or women from peasant families.

During years of battle in South East Asia, the United States bombs and kills over half a million Cambodians ( ) During years of battle in South East Asia, the United States bombs and kills over half a million Cambodians ( ) After years of Genocide ( ) by the Pol Pot regime of the Khmer Rouge nearly a Third of all Cambodians were murdered After years of Genocide ( ) by the Pol Pot regime of the Khmer Rouge nearly a Third of all Cambodians were murdered Pol Pot wanted to destroy all opposition and strike fear into the Cambodian people Pol Pot wanted to destroy all opposition and strike fear into the Cambodian people Intellects, doctors, religious leaders, and important people are killed to establish control Intellects, doctors, religious leaders, and important people are killed to establish control Socio-economic impact would be felt till today Socio-economic impact would be felt till today

Cambodia at Glance Thailand Gulf of Thailand Vietnam Laos Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in East Asia. It’s ranked 130 th in the Human Development Index, just below Myanmar and India. 181,035 sq.kms 181,035 sq.kms 24 provinces 24 provinces 13.5 mill (pop projection) 13.5 mill (pop projection) US$ 300 GDP per capita US$ 300 GDP per capita 36 % pop under PL 36 % pop under PL US$ 0.46 PL US$ 0.46 PL

1994 Cambodia ’ s 7 million mines amount to two for every single Cambodian child, and between 200 and 250 people become victims every month Cambodia ’ s 7 million mines amount to two for every single Cambodian child, and between 200 and 250 people become victims every month The Khmer Rouge was ousted in Cambodia after a 3 year reign of terror in which hundreds of thousands died The Khmer Rouge was ousted in Cambodia after a 3 year reign of terror in which hundreds of thousands died Aug 11, It was reported that an estimated half of Cambodia's thousand sex workers were infected with the AIDS virus, HIV Aug 11, It was reported that an estimated half of Cambodia's thousand sex workers were infected with the AIDS virus, HIV Some 80% of Cambodians lived in the countryside Some 80% of Cambodians lived in the countryside.

“I have, however, signed this legislation because it makes clear that the United States will continue to do everything possible to assure that the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia is brought to an end and that effective guarantees are put into place to prevent the Khmer Rouge from ever again taking control of Cambodia.” Ronald Reagan Oct, “I have, however, signed this legislation because it makes clear that the United States will continue to do everything possible to assure that the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia is brought to an end and that effective guarantees are put into place to prevent the Khmer Rouge from ever again taking control of Cambodia.” Ronald Reagan Oct, In addition, since 1982, the U.S. has provided the ANS and KPNLF with covert and overt "humanitarian" and "non lethal" military aid. By 1989, the secret non lethal aid had grown to between $20 million and $24 million annually and the overt humanitarian aid had reached $5 million. The Bush administration requested $7 million more in humanitarian aid for In addition, since 1982, the U.S. has provided the ANS and KPNLF with covert and overt "humanitarian" and "non lethal" military aid. By 1989, the secret non lethal aid had grown to between $20 million and $24 million annually and the overt humanitarian aid had reached $5 million. The Bush administration requested $7 million more in humanitarian aid for U.S. continues to support repressive and non-democratic forces in the jungles of Cambodia. When asked about U.S. policy in Cambodia during an April 26, l990 ABC News special, Rep. Chester Atkins (Dem. Mass.) characterized it as "a policy of hatred." U.S. continues to support repressive and non-democratic forces in the jungles of Cambodia. When asked about U.S. policy in Cambodia during an April 26, l990 ABC News special, Rep. Chester Atkins (Dem. Mass.) characterized it as "a policy of hatred."

Sanitation is a huge problem and many sewage systems are not available Sanitation is a huge problem and many sewage systems are not available Bird Flu is a huge epidemic right now and Cambodian people are unaware of how to fight it Bird Flu is a huge epidemic right now and Cambodian people are unaware of how to fight it Safe Sex is not taught and the people don’t understand how STDs work Safe Sex is not taught and the people don’t understand how STDs work School Systems are few and far between and education is not happening School Systems are few and far between and education is not happening Political corruption and murder is happening everywhere without a way to stop it Political corruption and murder is happening everywhere without a way to stop it

Raise funds for any of these causes Raise funds for any of these causes Jointly raise awareness of issues Jointly raise awareness of issues Work closely with Cambodian relief organizations specializing in establishing working school systems Work closely with Cambodian relief organizations specializing in establishing working school systems Fund student trips to Cambodia to allow them to do service projects such as setting up sanitation systems or building houses Fund student trips to Cambodia to allow them to do service projects such as setting up sanitation systems or building houses Create safe sex materials or fund safe sex learning in Cambodia Create safe sex materials or fund safe sex learning in Cambodia

Do a fundraiser through different organizations on campus Do a fundraiser through different organizations on campus Find an action group in Cambodia that can be trusted and we can work closely with Find an action group in Cambodia that can be trusted and we can work closely with Find students interested in helping or possibly going to Cambodia Find students interested in helping or possibly going to Cambodia Establish a service project that will be carried on for several years Establish a service project that will be carried on for several years Possibly work through our government in a way that our actions will be effective Possibly work through our government in a way that our actions will be effective Expand into a permanent class project at Penn State Expand into a permanent class project at Penn State

Thank You, Questions?