Baseline knowledge about ICT in Nepal Rohan Samarajiva Nagarkot, March 2015 This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Canada and UKaid from the Department for International Development, UK.

Internet Ecosystem: All elements are important 2 Infrastructure Users Content/ Applications Devices

How can we find data on the components? Because telecom (underlying infrastructure of the Internet) is regulated, possible to obtain supply-side data from the government (sector regulator  ITU) and small number of suppliers (  GSMA) –More details tomorrow Government collects a lot of data Some market research is also published 3

Comparative data BangladeshCambodiaMyanmarNepalSri Lanka GDP per capita (OER)/USD , ,212 Population (’000) 142,31913,39651,41926,49420,360 Literacy rate adult (15 and above) % Secondary school enrolment % net Secondary school enrolment % gross Tertiary school enrolment %

Comparative data 5 BangladeshCambodiaMyanmarNepalSri Lanka GDP per capita (OER)/USD , ,212 Population (’000) 142,31913,39651,41926,49420,360 Internet subscriptions (2014) 43,642,000 99,7855,305,485 Internet subscriptions per Households with Internet access at home (%)

Comparative data BangladeshCambodiaMyanmarNepalSri Lanka Internet users per 100- ITU method (2013) Internet users per 100- LIRNEasia method (2013) International Internet bandwidth bits per Internet user 3,9849,30126,1992,4344,964 International Internet bandwidth bits per Internet user adjusted to LIRNEasia Internet user numbers (2013) 3,9849,3012,3122,4343,124 6

Comparative data: Nepal is highest among peers in one thing BangladeshCambodiaMyanmarNepalSri Lanka Population (’000)142,31913,39651,41926,49420,360 Facebook users (2014), millions Facebook users per

Nepal is only S Asian country where Facebook users > Internet users 8 Population (‘000s) Internet users, ITU est. (‘000s) Internet users/100 pop Facebook users ('000) Facebook users/100 pop Internet user- Fb user ('000) Philippin es92,33834, , ,835 Thailand65,47918, , ,050 Sri Lanka20,2714, ,400122,039 Indonesia237,64137, , ,405 India1,210,855182, ,000972,839 Pakistan197,36121, ,20085,312 Banglade sh156,88710, , Myanmar51, ,0004-1,383 Nepal26,494 3, ,

Mostly not surprising Correlated with wealth and literacy Not correlated with median age, but that can be explained 9 Median age of population

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Any other interesting conclusions? Nepal being high on Facebook/100: Good? Any others? 11

Composite indices 12 BangladeshCambodiaMyanmarNepalSri Lanka Inward FDI Attraction Index (2011) - out of a possible Doing business index (2014) - out of a possible Network Readiness Index (2013) - out of a possible ICT Development Index (2012)- out of a possible N/A107 Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) - out of a possible

What’s the value of composite indices? If you want to measure progress on Internet access are the individual metrics adequate? 13

What do we have data about? Where can we find what is missing? 14 Infrastructure Users Content/ Applications Devices