Chapter 10 Database Applications Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. McGraw-Hill

10-2 Objectives Use database terminology correctly. Create Windows and Web projects that display database data. Display data in a DataGridView control. Bind data to text boxes and labels. Allow the user to select from a combo box or list box and display the corresponding record in data- bound controls.

10-3 Visual Basic and Database Files VB projects can display and update the data from database files. VB.NET uses ADO.NET for database access. ADO.NET is the next generation of database technology, based on Microsoft's previous version, ActiveX Data Objects (ADO). An advantage of ADO.Net is that information is stored and transferred in Extensivle Markup Language (XML).

10-4 Database Terminology Databases Tables—can be viewed like a spreadsheet Records (rows) — data for one item, person, transaction Fields (columns) — store a different element of data Key field (unique to each record) Relational database Multiple tables Relationships between the tables

10-5 Database Table Example

10-6 XML Data (1 of 2) Industry-standard format for storing and transferring data The XML needed for accessing databases will be automatically generated in Visual Basic. Data stored in XML is text, identified by tags — similar to HTML tags that can be edited by any text editor program. Tags in XML are not predefined as they are in HTML. Tags can identify fields by name.

10-7 XML Data (2 of 2) In addition to an XML data file, there is normally an XML schema file. Schema describes the fields, data types, and any constraints, such as required fields. ADO.NET validates the data against the schema and checks for constraint violations. Schema is defined with XML tags and can be viewed/edited in a text editor. ADO.NET can treat the XML data as objects, allowing the IntelliSense feature of the VS.NET environment to provide information to the programmer. Data executes faster.

10-8 Using ADO.NET and Visual Basic Can display data from a database on Windows Form Web Form Add controls to form and bind data to them. Label, TextBox Special controls designed just for data such as DataGrid, DataList

10-9 The DataGrid View Control The DataGridView control is bound to a table in a dataset. The data fields display automatically in the cells of the grid.

10-10 Data Access in Visual Studio Allows an easy way to create data-bound controls on a form Can drag tables and fields from the window onto a form to automatically create controls that are bound to the data Data can be displayed in grids or individual fields,referred to as details. Can drag a field from the Data Sources window and drop it on an existing control — causes data binding to be set up automatically. An.xsd file and the schema is added to the Server Explorer window; Binding Source, Table Adapter, and Data Set objects are added to the form’s component tray.

10-11 Overview of Database Objects Binding Source Establishes a link to the actual data; a specific file and/or server Table Adapter Handles retrieving and updating the data Generates SQL statements that are used to access or update data Dataset Contains actual data — may come from multiple connections and/or multiple data adapters

10-12 Steps to Display Data in Bound Controls on a Form

10-13 Binding Sources Object establishes a link from a specific file or database to the program. Use a wizard to automatically create Binding Source objects –OR— Add new Binding Source objects using the Data Sources window or the Data menu.

10-14 Table Adapters Does all the work of passing data back and forth between a data source (the binding source) and a program (the dataset) Data does not have to be from a database. Data can be text file, object, or an array. Transfers data to and from via XML

10-15 Datasets Temporary set of data stored in memory In ADO.NET datasets are disconnected; the copy of data kept in memory does not keep an active connection to the data source. Dataset may contain multiple tables and relationships. Any controls bound to the dataset will automatically fill with data.

10-16 The Smart Tag Smart Tags are used for many functions including: Selecting a data source Editing properties of grid columns AutoFormating the grid Previewing data Preview helps users do a better job of designing output. Selecting AutoFormat allows the user to choose from many predefined formats.

10-17 Grid with Pre-Defined AutoFormat Predefined formats can be applied from the AutoFormat item on the smart tag.

10-18 The Database Schema File When a new data source is added to a project, a file.xsd is added to the Solution Explorer — the XML schema definition. XML file contains the description and properties of the data. The schema shows the names of the table(s) and fields, the primary keys for each table, and the relationships among the tables. The TableAdapter for the table, which handles different methods for the table, appears at the bottom of the schema.

10-19.XSD (Schema) File The.xsd file holds the schema of the database, where table elements, relationships, and keys can be viewed and modified.

10-20 Binding Individual Data Fields Table fields from the dataset can be bound to many types of controls such as labels, text boxes, combo boxes, and check boxes. Controls that are connected to fields are bound controls or data-bound controls. Easiest way to create bound controls is to use the automatic binding feature of the Data Source window. Creates individual text box controls for each field of data and navigation control allowing the user to more from one record to another

10-21 Data-Bound Text Boxes — Example Each text box or check box is bound to one field from the table. As the user clicks the navigation buttons, all controls change to display the data for the next record.

10-22 The Data Sources Window This window is used to add a new data source by using the Data Source Configuration Wizard. Click the table name to make a drop-down list available to view Details. The table’s icon changes to match the view.

10-23 Selecting Records from a List Allows user to select records to display from a list Fill a ListBox or ComboBox with values from the database –OR— Display the information in a drop-down list and allow the user to make a selection; the corresponding data elements fill remaining fields.

10-24 Selecting Fields from the Table Select individual fields when creating the new data source –OR– after creating the data source. When creating the data source, choose the Add New Data Source option and follow the Configuration Wizard; expand the Tables node and place a check mark on the desired fields. To modify after creating, select the dataset and use the Configuration Wizard and make the field selections from the Wizard.

10-25 Data Source Configuration Wizard

10-26 Sorting the List Data Sort records in a query that selects data for the dataset. SQL SELECT statement is generated automatically by the designer; can be modified. Use the Solutions Explorer and the schema file (.xsd extension) and the Property button (…). Choose “Ascending” in the Sort Type cell of the Query Builder. Execute the query to preview the output.

10-27 Sorting Data Click the Fill,GetData() entry in the dataset schema to display the properties of the Fill command in the Properties window. Select Ascending for the Sort Type to sort the data by the Title field. The SQL statement changes to include an ORDER BY clause.

10-28 Choosing the Control Type for Fields Dragging a Details view to a form displays text boxes for the default text fields. Click a field name and choose a control type in the Data Sources window.

10-29 Selecting Records Using Web Forms Web controls are much different from Windows controls. Additional security issues exist for Web-based database applications. Web database applications operate differently than Windows applications due to Web pages in a client/server environment. Web pages are stateless—each time a page displays it is a new page. Each time the user makes a selection from a list, a postback occurs and the Web page redisplays with only the selected data.

10-30 Security in Web Database Applications Security is much tighter for Web database applications than for Windows applications. User authentication is required if setting up a Web application that displays or allows modification to data. Visual Studio integrates security features that are generally strict by default.

10-31 Moving Database Projects Improvement from previous versions of VB.NET Project needs to be closed in the IDE. Copy the complete folder from one computer or location to another. For Web projects, copy the solution folder to the desired location, using Windows Explorer.

10-32 LINQ Language Integrated Query (LINQ), is a general purpose query language that can ask a question of any data that is defined as an object, a database, or as XML. The source of the data may be a database, but could also be any collection, such as the collection for a list box. VB contains a LINQ to SQL component to convert database items to objects and a LINQ to XML component for converting XML document collections to objects.

10-33 Querying Operating System Data The key operators in the query are From, In, and Select. The LINQ Query—General Form The LINQ Query—Example Dim VariableName = From ItemName In Object Select ListOfFields/Items Dim MyQuery = From AnItem in Process.GetProcesses_ Select AnItem.ProcessName, AnItem.StartTime

10-34 Creating a LINQ Project Open a new Windows application project. Add a DataGridView control, naming it ProcessesDataGridView. Double-click on the form to access the Form_Load event. Type in the code.

Chapter 10 Database Applications Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. McGraw-Hill