REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON RICE AND AQUACULTURE FOR CENTRAL, SOUTHERN AND EAST AFRICA Lusaka, Zambia, 7-11 February 2011 By Patrick Chibbamulilo Senior Programme Officer, JICA ZAMBIA OFFICE RICE DEVELOPMENT IN ZAMBIA: A CASE FOR JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA)

Presentation Outline 1. The Significance of Rice in Zambia 2. The Case for Rice – Why should we intervene to promote rice? 3. Why Poor Performance of Rice? – Overview of Value Chain Constraints 4. Are there Options for Rice Development?– strategy 5. JICA Activities and support to rice 6. Other Players 7. Conclusion

1. The Significance of Rice in Zambia Government Policy turning to favour/ recognize rice: – Around 2004/5 Zambia included rice as one of the major food crops purchased by FRA (Govt Food Reserve Agency – For most of the decade of 2000 to date, rice has been part of the GRZ Food Balance Sheet (indicator of food Requirements) – 2010/11 season rice included in FISP, a GRZ subsidy program In recent years, growth in production and consumption has accelerated. – In 20 yr period, : rice production (grew 258%), from 9, 293 MT to 24, 023 MT ) – In 3 yr period, of , rice production almost tripled (growing 288%) from 18,317 MT to 53,000 MT. Option for poor small-scale farmers; grown by 90% small scales (up-to 13,358 farmers, MACO data of 2007/8 season)

2. The Case for rice: Why support rice ? Although production has been increasing, it has been unsatisfactory: Production increase was attributed to area rather than productivity Consumption is higher than the supply, so Zambia has to import Rice growing limited to few parts of Zambia The production is uncompetitive (imports are cheaper than local rice) Lets scrutinise each of these!

The Case for rice: (1) Low yield about 1MT/ha No improvement in recent years! In 2008/9 yield was 1.35 MT /ha, 2009/10 it was 1.44 MT/ha (MACO, CFS 2010) IRRI : Africa Yield = 2.5 Mt/ ha ; World = 4.15 Mt /Ha, no much difference in region

The Case for rice: (2)Consumption-Supply Gap Needs are met by imports: Demand is higher than production and met by imports (CSO,ADS 2009) Food Balance sheet for 2009/10 and 2010/2011 indicate rice demand of 54,000MT and 63,328 MT

The Case for rice: (2)Consumption-Supply Gap – Global (CARD) Rice (Milled) Wheat Widening Demand-supply Gap (Rice and Wheat) Source: Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) secretariat

The Case for rice: (3) Rice grown in few areas Can we try other areas? e.g. in 2009, NERICA 4 - 5MT/ha Lusaka and Mazabuka Map too big

The Case for rice: (4) Low Competitiveness *There are indications that local rice is less competitive going by imported rice which competes favourably

3. Why Poor Performance of Rice – Value Chain Constraints Farm level: – Diseases e.g. rice blast and Pest, – Inappropriate mgt skills, traditional (late planting, broadcasting planting, weed control, untimely fertilization, untimely harvesting) – Technology inadequacies; - particularly impure seed varieties with low yields (purify variety) - Tools largely hand hoes limiting to small areas, - Irrigation in case of droughts _reliant on rains Storage for bulking not developed, leading to – high transactions costs for traders, – Information asymmetries (e.g. mystery where farmers have no mkt and traders complain no produce) Processing: – Old Machinery leading to poor quality e.g broken rice or lower extraction rates – Location far hence high transport costs (35% of paddy is husk) – Different quality / uniform seed lead to por quality processing (sorting / gradind needed) Uncoordinated Marketing for export (Zambia Rice Federation Just formed)

4. : 4. Are there Options for Rice Development?– Strategy All aspects of value chain interventions All aspects of value chain interventions Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol Zones Emphasis on capacity development Promotion of South-South Cooperation Post-harvest Marketing On-farm technology Inputs Irrigated Rain-fed upland Rain-fed Japan committed itself to assist Africa to double rice production from the level of 14m MT in 2008 to 28 m MT by Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) was formed in 2008 with secretariat in Kenya. The Strategic Framework for rice development is as below

5. JICA and its Support to Rice (green shows interventions) Value Chin Promotion of South-South Cooperation Emphasis on capacity development Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol Zones Inputs: NERICA Seed Multiplication with ZARI (30MT in 2009) Inputs: NERICA Seed Multiplication with ZARI (30MT in 2009) On Farm: - Demonstration, - At least 50 Camp Extension Workers trained in NERICA On Farm: - Demonstration, - At least 50 Camp Extension Workers trained in NERICA Upland Rain fed: in Non traditional areas e.g. Chongwe Upland Rain fed: in Non traditional areas e.g. Chongwe Low Land rain fed: Kosh rainfed in Sefula -Training in Japan -Support to NRDS -Visit by Expert e.g. At FODIS -Training in Japan -Support to NRDS -Visit by Expert e.g. At FODIS -Africa Rice Expert -Training of CEO in Uganda 8 visits -Africa Rice Expert -Training of CEO in Uganda 8 visits Value Chain Processing: Agro processing in Sefula Irrigation: In July/ Aug 2010 a Mission was sent to Zambia to assess prospects Irrigation: In July/ Aug 2010 a Mission was sent to Zambia to assess prospects

5. A few Pictures about Japan’s Support in September 2010: Expert From Africa Rice Training Camp Extension Officers (15)

5. A few Pictures about Japan’s Support in September 2010: Expert From Africa Rice Training Camp Extension Officers in class

5.Pictures of JICA Support: Through Support from Japan in 2009 Africa Rice collaborated with ZARI and ZAMSEED multiply NERICA seed. This a ZAMSEED contracted Farmer

JICA support to Training in Uganda Zambian Researchers sent to Uganda in August 2010 to share with others

Current Activities of JICA

6. Other Players in Zambia We would like to acknowledge other Players supporting the rice subsector (list not exhaustive): SNV – Published a book on rice Growing, involved in capacity building and market linkage Research In Use (RIU) – Working with COMACO to purify local varieties of seed “supa” and market linkage development Production, Finance and Technology (PROFIT) – has been supporting small to medium scale farmers in upland rice production ZARI/ AGRA- Development and promotion of blast resistant and soil acidity tolerant upland rice varieties NSTC – Evaluateion of upland rice varieties Development of Upland rice Others not mentioned here

7. Conclusion Rice is becoming an increasing important crop in and can contribute to income and food Security. There is need to coordinate in the area of rice development; whereby different players should complement their efforts.

Thank you very Much ! THINK TOGETHER, WORK TOGETHER