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Best Pneumatic Practices – General Air Cost Facts As much as 25% of air costs in a plant can be associated to simple leaks The higher the operating pressure, the higher the cost – artificial demand Compressor efficiency can be as low as 65%, and run continuously in most facilities. A combination of smart engineering, zero leakage products, and application of Best Pneumatics Practices still provides a cost effective solution for the motion and control industry

Best Pneumatic Practices – General Air Cost Facts Compressed air cost is as much as eight times greater to produce 1 HP of pneumatic energy vs. electrical – For every $1 spent on electricity for compressed air, only about 12¢ comes out as useful work performed. As much as 20-30% of air costs in a plant can be associated to simple leaks Another 20-30% is inappropriate uses or artificial demand Every 2PSI reduction in air pressure equates to 1% of input HP cost reduction in electricity 1cfm =1/4HP =.207Kw@$.06/kwh = $110/yr1 1Based on 90% compressor efficiency

Pneumatic Best Practices – Design Consideration Sizing and selection of tubing, hose and connectors: Proper sizing of components reduces capital investment and replacement cost. Don’t undersize or grossly oversize! Utilize smart air preparation systems that provide adequate flow and PM detection devices (ΔP monitors) Specify valve products that provide leak free spool technology and low wattage coils Upgrade cylinders that provide repairable rod glands on cylinders, properly sized for 60psi design Implement cycle timing controls on blow-off applications to reduce operating cost Utilize Economizing Vacuum Generators for air cost reduction

Fluid Connector Technology Best Practices Fitting Selection - Type Push to connect fittings offer the best total cost of ownership from an assembly standpoint Note: for reliable, leak-free Operation, it is imperative that the proper Tubing be used with these fittings!

Fluid Connector Technology Best Practices Value Statement Push to connect fittings can be assembled in 1/5 the time of standard compression fittings. This will result in direct labor savings which drops right to your bottom line

Fluid Connector Technology Best Practices Fitting Selection – Style Where ever possible, use straight fittings in place of 45 or 90 degree elbow fittings to minimize pressure drop Example: A straight fitting ¼”NPT by ¼” OD tube at 15 SCFM and 60 psig will have a 2 psi pressure drop The equivalent size 90 degree elbow under the same parameters will have nearly twice the pressure drop

Fluid Connector Technology Best Practices Thread Sealants Many options exist, TFE tape, “pipe dope”, Loctite compounds All of these sealants rely on the user to properly apply the correct amount Improper choice or application of thread sealants can result in system contamination or air leakage Select fittings from a supplier having factory applied thread sealants

Best Pneumatic Practices Air Prep Assemblies - Smart Air Prep Systems Drip leg assemblies and value added considerations Primary (particulate) filters Coalescing (oil removal) filters Pressure drop indicators and sensors Regulators Lubricators

Air Prep Systems - Drip legs Provide drip legs with service valves, water trap, and water separator Provides for equipment protection at user plant against water and oil contamination OEM’s normally do not supply but should consider as value add to customer and minimize damage to equipment in the event of dryer malfunction or failure

Air Prep Systems Filters Primary Filters Remove water and particles typical 40micron. 5 & 10 micron units may require larger body sizes to meet comparable flow Coalescing Filters Removal of water, aerosols, oils and provide 0.01 micron filtration protecting system components and premature failure Filter ratings are in SCFM with coalescing having the lowest flow rating within body size selection- IMPORTANT: pay close attention to initial pressure drop of filters! Undersized or clogged filters create pressure drop reduce flow and increase air and maintenance costs $$$ Use of PDI visual and electrical sensors provide a solution for preventative maintenance to detect pressure drop as filters clog

Air Prep Systems Sensors Pressure switches provide monitoring of operating pressure PDI indicators provide pressure drop detection specific to selected filters (dynamic) Sensors can be integrated into machine control screen displays as service needed at specific locations or machine shut down Smart Air Prep systems provide PM detection for servicing filtration and pressure controls in plants that do not have proactive maintenance programs or resources. This adds intelligence to your equipment and adds value in True Cost of Ownership for your customers

Air Prep Systems - Regulators Regulators reduce pressure at machine point of use and are rated in SCFM Various pressure ranges available for prevention of excessive pressures as user will increase pressure to compensate for pressure drops in filters Cost savings opportunities with regulators used on actuators will be discussed later in the presentation

Air Prep Systems- Lubricators Lubricators only needed for close tolerance metal to metal devices, i.e., air tools. Use non lube service products for applications that don’t require lubrication. Rated in SCFM Low oil sensors provide PM detection for empty bowls reducing damage to equipment Qualify if needed for capital cost reduction and added leakage potential (reliability)

Best Pneumatic Practices Directional Control Valves Proper sizing of valves (Cv) Solenoid technology – low power consumption Spool technology – no internal leakage

Best Pneumatic Practices – Valve sizing

Best Pneumatic Practices – Valve Designs Direct Operated Use solenoid power to shift spool armature to spool Solenoid consumption as high as 6-8 watt coils* Prone to burn out from high heat or stall Require different coils for each valve size High cost for coil replacement and time Shifting speeds slower ~ 45ms Minimum shifting forces dependent on coil power No minimum operating pressure *Manufacturer’s rating

Best Pneumatic Practices- Valve Design Air Pilot Solenoid Uses air pressure to shift spool Solenoids consume 1.8-2.4 watts* Burn out reduced to minimum or none Utilizes common coil in various valve sizes Lower cost for replacements and labor time Shifting speeds faster 18-22ms* Greater shifting power not dependent on coil Minimum operating pressure 20-25 PSI *Manufacturer’s rating

Lapped Spool Technology Metal to metal spool designed to leak Spool leakage rate new range from 50-300sccm* Close tolerance matched sets High replacement cost Leakage rate 5 million cycles 1,000-5,000sccm* *Manufacturer’s rating

WCS Spool Technology Wear Compensated Spool Molded nitrile seal prevents leakage and wear Leakage rate new 0 - 10sccm* Single slip-in replacement spool Low replacement cost spool design Leakage rate 5 million cycles 0-20sccm* *Manufacturer’s rating

WCS Spool Technology Seal width is less than spool seal groove. Specially molded nitrile seals (Not o-rings) Under pressure, the seal is forced outward to seal on the valve bore The seal is also forced to one side of the groove, to seal against the groove wall During the life of the valve, as seal material wears, the seal expands to compensate This prolongs the life of the valve and prevents air leakage at the spool

Leakage Cost of Lapped Spool design Simple Calculation of Electricity Cost for Valve Leaks in a Plant Insert your values in the yellow boxes to get the annual cost Lapped Spool SCCM Leak per Valve 3000 SCCM ( Standard Cubic Centimeters per Minute ) Number of Valves in the Plant 100   Operating Pressure PSI Number of Shifts in a Day ( assuming 8 hour shifts ) 3 For a Lapped Spool use 3 due the fact that they constantly leak Number of Operating Days in a Week 7 For a Lapped Spool use 7 unless the compressors are shut down during the weekend Full Cost of Electricity 0.09 $/kWh ( Approximately $0.05 per U.S. Department of Energy 2004, please note that this is only the cost of providing electricity to the plant and it does not take maintenance into account, in order to compensate for maintenance you can estimate around 0.09$/kWh) Annual Cost of Leaks $2,710.47

Leakage Cost WCS Annual Cost of Leaks $22.59 Simple Calculation of Electricity Cost for Valve Leaks in a Plant Insert your values in the yellow boxes to get the annual cost WCS SCCM Leak per Valve 25 SCCM ( Standard Cubic Centimeters per Minute ) Number of Valves in the Plant 100   Operating Pressure PSI Number of Shifts in a Day ( assuming 8 hour shifts ) 3 For a Lapped Spool use 3 due the fact that they constantly leak Number of Operating Days in a Week 7 For a Lapped Spool use 7 unless the compressors are shut down during the weekend Full Cost of Electricity 0.09 $/kWh ( Approximately $0.05 per U.S. Department of Energy 2004, please note that this is only the cost of providing electricity to the plant and it does not take maintenance into account, in order to compensate for maintenance you can estimate around 0.09$/kWh) Annual Cost of Leaks $22.59

Actuators Majority of actuators are cylinder devices Vast majority of cylinders used in industry are 4” Bore or smaller Valves to operate these cylinders require 1.0 Cv or less Majority of cylinders do work in one direction, i.e., on extend stroke

Actuators Reducing operating pressure provides huge savings in air cost and maintenance - reduce artificial demand Size cylinders at 60PSIG design pressure to provide safety margin and reduce air costs using regulators to reduce pressure Upgrading cylinder quality, such as replacing throw away designs with repairable cylinders, will prevent premature failure and air leakage at rod gland. (increased reliability and reduced operating costs) Specify repairable cylinders with replaceable rod cartridges on new installations for longer life and fewer leaks

Sandwich Regulators Advantages -Pressure control of extend and retract reduces air costs and damage to components and mechanical devices -Convenient assembly and aesthetically pleasing design Disadvantages -Significant flow reduction vs inline reverse flow regulators. - Potentially higher capital cost

Reverse Flow Regulators Piped between valve and cylinder, provides independent pressure control for extend and retract Provides reverse flow at high flow rates without inline reverse flow check valve Relieving design saves air and wear on components and mechanical devices Normal Operation Reverse Flow

$1,558.75 Cost Savings Due to Using Parker's Reverse Flow Regulators ( Assuming Power Stroke On Extend ) Insert your values in the yellow boxes to get the annual cost Cylinder Bore 4 Inches 12.57 = Cylinder Area In ^2 Cylinder Stroke 12 Cylinder Rod Diameter 0.625 12.26 Eff. Area Cycles per minute ( extend and retract )   Number of Actuators in the Plant 1 Extend Pressure 80 PSI 6.44 Comp Factor Retract Pressure PSI ( for spring retract cylinders use 0 ) Number of Shifts in a Day ( assuming 8 hour shifts ) 2 Number of Operating Days in a Week 6 Full Cost of Electricity 0.09 $/kWh ( Approximately $0.05 per U.S. Department of Energy 2004, please note that this is only the cost of providing electricity to the plant and it does not take maintenance into account, in order to compensate for maintenance you can estimate around 0.09$/kWh) Annual Cost of Electricity with Normal Regulators $1,558.75

$922.17 Cost Savings Due to Using Parker's Reverse Flow Regulators ( Assuming Power Stroke On Extend ) Insert your values in the yellow boxes to get the annual cost Cylinder Bore 4 Inches 12.57 = Cylinder Area In ^2 Cylinder Stroke 12 Cylinder Rod Diameter 0.625 12.26 Eff. Area Cycles per minute ( extend and retract )   Number of Actuators in the Plant 1 Extend Pressure 60 PSI 6.44 Comp Factor Retract Pressure PSI ( for spring retract cylinders use 0 ) Number of Shifts in a Day ( assuming 8 hour shifts ) 2 Number of Operating Days in a Week 6 Full Cost of Electricity 0.09 $/kWh ( Approximately $0.05 per U.S. Department of Energy 2004, please note that this is only the cost of providing electricity to the plant and it does not take maintenance into account, in order to compensate for maintenance you can estimate around 0.09$/kWh) Annual Cost of Electricity with Normal Regulators $922.17

Cost Savings Due to Using Parker's Reverse Flow Regulators ( Assuming Power Stroke On Extend ) Insert your values in the yellow boxes to get the annual cost Cylinder Bore 4 Inches 12.57 = Cylinder Area In ^2 Cylinder Stroke 12 Cylinder Rod Diameter 0.625 12.26 Eff. Area Cycles per minute ( extend and retract )   Number of Actuators in the Plant 1 Extend Pressure 60 PSI 5.08 Comp Factor Retract Pressure 40 PSI ( for spring retract cylinders use 0 ) 3.72 Number of Shifts in a Day ( assuming 8 hour shifts ) 2 Number of Operating Days in a Week 6 Full Cost of Electricity 0.09 $/kWh ( Approximately $0.05 per U.S. Department of Energy 2004, please note that this is only the cost of providing electricity to the plant and it does not take maintenance into account, in order to compensate for maintenance you can estimate around 0.09$/kWh) Annual Cost of Electricity with Normal Regulators $922.17 Annual Cost of Electricity with Reverse Flow Regulators $689.09 Annual Savings $233.08

Best Pneumatic Practices- Air Leakage Rates and Cost ($0 Best Pneumatic Practices- Air Leakage Rates and Cost ($0.237/MCF @ 8,736 Hrs/Year @ 100 PSIG @ $.09 kWh) 1/16” Diameter leak = 6.5 CFM = $800 1/8” Diameter leak = 26 CFM = $3,208 1/4” Diameter leak = 104 CFM = $12,812 3/8” Diameter leak = 234 CFM = $29,113 (Vacuum and blow off typical @ 1/4” and 3/8” rates)

Cost Avoidance from not using open ¼’ Airline to move rivets Air Cost Savings Example Dial Table Blow Off Application Current Cost 365 Days Per Year $9,436 Savings from 60% reduction in air used: ¼’ air line pressure reduced from 100 PSI to 40 PSI minimum needed for the job: Savings from reducing pressure to what is needed $ 5661.60 Savings from shutting air of when not needed + $ 622.06 Equipment Cost: - $ 837.60 Estimated Cost Avoidance per year for energy: $ 5446.06 Cost Avoidance from not using open ¼’ Airline to move rivets It will take using the system for approximately 90 days to recover cost of equipment due to reduction of compressed air needed. This is a projected estimate based on equipment efficiency . It does not take into account the time the air is used while equipment is not in production. System will be designed to turn off air if machine is idle for more than 1 minute (possible that time could be reduced even more). Will automatically restart once production resumes.

Air Economizing Vacuum w/ Emergency Stop Function Vacuum Solutions: Air Economizing Vacuum w/ Emergency Stop Function

Why Air Economizing ? Sequence: Turn on vacuum – 1.5 seconds Contact & pick up part Travel time – 30 seconds Wait/queue for another machine function – 7 seconds Shut down???

Why Air Economizing ? Sequence: Operation: Turn on vacuum – 1.5 seconds Contact & pick up part Travel time – 30 seconds Wait/queue for another machine function – 7 seconds Shut down??? Operation: Build vacuum Sensor detects desired vacuum level & part present Shuts vacuum generator OFF Sensor turns generator on when vacuum drops to a preset level

Vacuum off over 90% of time while part is present = $$$ Why Air Economizing ? Sequence: Turn on vacuum – 1.5 seconds Contact & pick up part Travel time – 30 seconds Wait/queue for another machine function – 7 seconds Shut down??? Operation: Build vacuum Sensor detects desired vacuum level & part present Shuts vacuum generator OFF Sensor turns generator on when vacuum drops to a preset level Vacuum off over 90% of time while part is present = $$$

The Machine Builders’ (OEM) Opportunity Educate your customers before your competitors do. By learning more about efficient use of compressed air through better pneumatic designs and component/system selections, you can: Improve machine efficiency Reduce air consumption costs Increase productivity and reliability. This can lead to improved competitiveness for you, and less downtime, greater return on investment for your customers!

Cost Of Ownership OEM Proper sizing of system components optimizes system efficiency and minimizes component cost Reducing required operating pressures saves money on air and maintenance cost Utilize valve products with low or no leak design Utilize solenoid air pilot and low watt coil designs to reduce electrical cost Provide air prep devices with PM devices to protect equipment and provide value add

Cost Of Ownership OEM Select higher quality repairable actuators that will last longer, leak less and reduce maintenance costs Shut off air on vacuum and blow offs by using Economizing Vacuum Generators and timing systems, saving end user air cost Sell value of lower operating cost and better quality (i.e., reliability) to justify any capital cost Sell more machines, make more money, reduce service and warranty issues with customers

How can you the OEM capitalize? Do side-by-side or on-location comparisons between your equipment/functions vs. your competitors (record the data) Use the cost of air calculators shown to you (available from Parker) or create your own to demonstrate the value of your solution vs. competition Have a Parker PASS team analyze and make air saving design recommendations Document cost or value in use to your customers

Results? Smarter, more efficient machine designs that can save significant $$$ for your customers – bring them value! Most of these design tips will also result in lower maintenance costs because systems are running on lower pressures (less wear & tear) More equipment sales or profitability for OEM Machine builders

Thank you for your time! Questions? PASS Parker Air Systems Solutions

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