Slid 1 Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 1 Facility For Rare Isotope Beams Bradley M. Sherrill FRIB Michigan State University

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 2 Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, FRIB Broad Overview Driver linac capable of E/A  200 MeV for all ions, P beam  400 kW Experimental capabilities for reaccelerated, stopped and in-flight beams Upgrade options (tunnel can house E/A = 400 MeV uranium driver linac, ISOL, multi-user capability …)

Slid 3 Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 3 From Where We are to Baseline to Completed FRIB The preliminary choices will be reexamined with community input, more peer review and with DOE review and approval –Alternatives will be documented in a Conceptual Design Report (CDR) together with the preferred alternatives indicated. The CDR is subject to DOE approval. Important user input at the FRIB Equipment Workshop Feb in East Lansing –Following Preliminary Engineering and Design, FRIB will have performance baseline (scope, cost, schedule) defined. This baseline is subject to DOE approval. –After detailed design, project starts construction (subject to DOE approval) –Pre-operations after construction leads to project completion (subject to DOE approval) CD-1 CD-2 CD-3 CD-4 Feb 2004Q3 2010Q3 2012Q3 2013> Sep 2017 CD4 Range 10/2017 to 2/2019

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 4 Timeline for Establishment of FRIB The timeline for FRIB is dependent on funding by congress and approval by DOE

Slid 5 Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 5 Alternatives Analysis: FRIB Folded layout ECR Cryoplant Light Ion Injector (upgrade) FRIB LINAC Fragment Separators Experimental Areas Switchyard/ Production Area

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 6 Flexibility for Science Driven Upgrades Possible future expansion for FRIB –ISOL capability – full infrastructure is included in the design, targets could be added when appropriate –Upgrade of Heavy-ion Linac Driver to 400 MeV/u for Uranium – space in tunnel included –Multi-user operation –Reacceleration of Rare Isotopes to 200 MeV/u Using the Existing K1200 Cyclotron Light-ion injector

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 7 Science Drivers for FRIB Nuclear Structure –Explore the limits of existence and study new phenomena –Possibility of a broadly applicable model of nuclei –Probing neutron skins –Synthesis of superheavy elements* Nuclear Astrophysics –The origin of the heavy elements –Explosive nucleosynthesis –Composition of neutron star crusts Fundamental Symmetries –Tests of fundamental symmetries* Other Scientific Applications –Stockpile stewardship, materials, medical, reactors* Taken from the NRC Rare Isotope Science Assessment Committee (RISAC) Report, 2007 National Academies Press * ISOL required for part or all of the program

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 8 Examples of Scientific Goals of FRIB that Drive Specifications Produce and study nuclei along the drip lines at A≈100 Produce and study nuclei in the r-process including at N=126 Provide reaccelerated beams capabilities, e.g. 54 Ca (astrophysics, fusion, transfer, COULEX, etc.) Study benchmark nuclei, e.g. 60 Ca Superheavy element studies and fundamental symmetries experiments require that ISOL production by 600 MeV protons be an option

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 9 What New Nuclides Will FRIB Produce? FRIB will produce more than 1000 new isotopes at useful rates Many isotopes are produced in fragmentation and in-flight fission at greater than /s Special cases, e.g., 15 O will have 2x10 10 /s For reaccelerated beam rates we assume only 1% efficiency for the gas cell at greater than a few 10 8 /s Rates are available at After fragment separator Reaccelerated

Slid 10 Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 10 Stopped and Reaccelerated Beams Stopped beam area (operational in 2010/2011) ReA3 – Funded by MSU (operational in 2011 for rare isotope beams) ReA12 - in FRIB project (2015) Notional layout and equipment shown

Slid 11 Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 11 Theory Road Map: Nuclear Structure and Reactions Theory Road Map – comprehensive description of the atomic nucleus –Ab initio models – study of neutron-rich, light nuclei helps determine the force to use in models –Configuration-interaction theory; study of shell and effective interactions –The universal energy density functional (DFT) – determine parameters – The role of the continuum and reactions and decays of nuclei IMPORTANT: Understand and select sensitive measurements Ab initio Configuration interaction Energy density functional Continuum

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide Known half-life NSCL reach First experiments FRIB reach for (d,p) β decay properties masses (Trap + TOF) (d,p) to constrain (n,γ) fission barriers, yields β decay properties masses (Trap + TOF) (d,p) to constrain (n,γ) fission barriers, yields (66) Dy (68) Er (70) Yb RISAC Key Nuclei (67) Ho (69) Tm Future Reach N=126 FRIB reach for half-lives Reach of FRIB for r-process Studies Current reach H. Schatz

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide >10 All reaction rates up to ~Ti can be directly measured most reaction rates up to ~Sr can be directly measured key reaction rates can be indirectly measured including 72 Kr waiting point direct (p,  ) direct (p,  ) or ( ,p) transfer (p,p), some transfer rp-process Reach of FRIB for Novae and X-ray Burst Reaction Rate Studies H. Schatz 15 O projected intensity of available at >10 10 /s level

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 14 Tests of Nature’s Fundamental Symmetries Angular correlations in β-decay and search for scalar currents o Mass scale for new particle comparable with LHC o 6 He and 18 Ne at near /s Electric Dipole Moments o 225 Ac, 223 Rn, 225 Ra, 229 Pa (30,000 more sensitive than 199 Hg) Parity Non-Conservation in atoms o weak charge in the nucleus (francium isotopes; 10 9 /s) Unitarity of CKM matrix o V ud by super allowed Fermi decay o Probe the validity of nuclear corrections e γ Z 212 Fr G. Savard

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 15 Rare Isotopes For Society Isotopes for medical research –Examples: 47 Sc, 62 Zn, 64 Cu, 67 Cu, 68 Ge, 149 Tb, 153 Gd, 168 Ho, 177 Lu, 188 Re, 211 At, 212 Bi, 213 Bi, 223 Ra (DOE Isotope Workshop) –  -emitters 149 Tb, 211 At: potential treatment of metastatic cancer Reaction rates important for stockpile stewardship – non-classified research –Determination of extremely high neutron fluxes by activation analysis –Rare isotope samples for (n,  ), (n,n’), (n,2n), (n,f) e.g. 88,89 Zr »Same technique important for astrophysics –More difficult cases studied via surrogate reactions (d,p), ( 3 He,  xn) … Tracers for Geology, Condensed Matter ( 8 Li), material studies, … Isotope harvesting is in the FRIB scope

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 16 ISOL Background: Expert Panel Recommendations NSAC RIB Task Force 2007 (Symon’s committee) – “First, in contrast to the gas stopper, we view the ISOL target as a part of the experimental equipment rather than a necessary core capability of the accelerator. Provision should be made to accommodate such a target, but the decision to construct it should be based on the existence of a strong collaboration and an approved experimental program.” 2007 NSAC LRP - “physicists have begun planning a next-generation Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), which will deliver the highest intensity beams of rare isotopes available anywhere. But FRIB will not be available for a decade. So in the meantime, physicists hope to continue developing a comprehensive picture of atomic nuclei by strengthening operations and carrying out modest upgrades at the National User Facilities (at ANL’s ATLAS, ORNL’s HRIBF, and MSU’s NSCL)” OECD 2008 Working Group on Nuclear Physics Report - “The future nuclear physics facilities such as the multi-megawatt ISOL systems and electron-ion collider would also require a global R&D effort.”

Slid 17 Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 17 ISOL at FRIB Community Input in support of ISOL at FRIB –Consensus statement from the ANL FRIB Workshop, May 2009 “We support including space to implement an ISOL option.” –Strong support and scientific case presented at the Workshop on Rare Atom Physics in Ann Arbor, MI June 2009 –Collaboration meeting held in Aug 2009 at MSU It seems clear ISOL is important for the future of rare isotope science and FRIB –User interest –At least two of the RISAC science drivers (heavy elements and EDM searches) most likely require ISOL Infrastructure to implement ISOL is included in FRIB Implementation of ISOL at FRIB may cost tens of M$ ( detailed cost estimates are underway but not complete) For early and effective implementation of ISOL at FRIB it is necessary and important to continue ISOL programs in the U.S.

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 18 Summary FRIB will allow production of a wide range of isotopes –Extend our searches for the limits to nuclear stability –Answer key questions on the nature of the universe (chemical history, mechanisms of stellar explosions) –Significant opportunities for the tests of fundamental symmetries –Potential for important societal applications ISOL will likely be an important production mechanism for FRIB and the infrastructure to make easy implementation is included in the base facility Continued ISOL programs and developments are important; ORNL/HRIBF is the U.S. center for those activities