Pest Management 1

Help Yourself to a Healthy Home  Indoor Air Quality  Asthma & Allergies  Mold & Moisture  Carbon Monoxide  Lead  Drinking Water  Hazardous Household Products  Pesticides  Home Safety 2

HUD & National Center for Health Housing‘s Keys to a Healthy Home  Keep It Dry  Keep It Clean  Keep It Pest-Free  Keep It Ventilated  Keep It Safe  Keep It Contaminant-Free  Keep It Maintained  Keep it Thermo-controlled 3

At the conclusion of the training be able:  Define integrated pest management or IPM  Identify 3 actions that are part of an IPM program  Know how to safely use pesticides if needed 4 Lesson Objectives

Questions to Ask about your home? 5

Do you have pests? 6

What do you know about the pests you have in your home? 1 - How did they get into your home? 2 - Where do they live? 3 - How do they reproduce? 4 - What do they like to eat? 7

How are your managing or controlling the pests? 1 - Have you tried to keep them out by blocking entry into your home? 2 - Have you kept food out of reach of the pest? 3 - Have you been trying to trap the pest? 4 - Have you been using pesticides? 8

How did they get into your home? 9 Plant boxes and open windows? Tree branches touching the house ? Plants close to house In something YOU brought into house

Three Pest Examples  Cockroaches  Ants  Rodents 10

How did the cockroaches get into your home? 11 Plant boxes and open windows? Tree branches touching the house ? Plants close to house In something YOU brought into house

Where do the cockroaches live? Anywhere in a building Prefer spots near water but also need food and warmth In cracks and crevices where their bodies touch surfaces above and below 12

Cockroaches 13 American Cockroaches German Cockroaches

How do cockroaches reproduce?  Multiple eggs in each egg case  Many eggs means many nymphs (babies)  Nymphs look like small versions of the adults 14

What do cockroaches eat? Crumbs Grease Trash Cardboard glue Just about anything 15

Where do cockroaches drink? 16 Sinks Counters Floors Pet bowls Shower stalls Sweaty leaking pipes Refrigerator drip pans and gaskets AC units

Ants 17

How did the ants get into your home? 18 Plant boxes and open windows? Tree branches touching the house ? Plants close to house In something YOU brought into house

Indoor or Outdoor Ant Indoor Ant Outdoor Ant 19 pavement ants, carpenter ants, acrobat ants, pharaoh ants, odorous house ants, fire ants, argentine ants etc. etc.

Where do ants live? Indoors Spaces behind walls Cabinets Appliances Behind window and door frames Beneath floors and concrete slabs Potted plants Outdoors Open areas Shaded areas under pavement, stones, mulch, woodpiles, flower pots, and house siding 20 VERY MOBILE LOCATIONS

How do ants reproduce?  Queen lays eggs  Adult workers take care of eggs, larvae and pupae  Adult workers have different jobs  Different species, different life length 21

What do ants eat? Just about anything depending on the species of ant Ants lay down invisible odor trails that lead other ants to food source 22

Where do ants drink? 23 Sinks Counters Floors Pet bowls Shower stalls Sweaty pipes Refrigerator drip pans and gaskets AC units

Rodents 24

Hantavirus and Rodents  Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is the potential result of exposure to hantavirus  Contact with hantavirus-infected rodents or their urine and droppings is how.  Rodent control in and around the home remains the primary strategy for preventing hantavirus infection. 25

How the disease spreads  Breathing in dust that is contaminated with rodent urine or droppings  Direct contact with rodents or their urine and droppings  Bite wounds, although this does not happen frequently 26

How do you know you have a rodent problem? Sightings Noise Gnaw marks Nests Rat burrows Droppings Holes and rub marks Indicator pests

How did the rodents get into your home? 28 Plant boxes and open windows? Tree branches touching the house ? Plants close to house In something YOU brought into house

What kind of rodent do I have? MouseRat 29

Where do rodents live? Mouse Nesting occurs where shelter and materials are available Shredded paper, burlap, fabric, insulation, or other fibrous materials can form a nest Nests resemble a woven mass, or “ball,” and they are usually 4 to 6 inches in diameter. Rat ROOF RAT – generally high up: attics, rafters, crossbeams of buildings. Form runways along pipes and wires NORWAY RAT – generally low down: in basements, on the ground floor, in sewers and subways, in burrows under buildings. 30

Need a hole the size of a quarter to enter Are very smart, cautious, and afraid of new things Need water every day 31 Inches Rats

Mice need a hole the size of a dime to enter Mice are curious Don’t need to drink water daily 32 Inches Mice

How do the rodents reproduce? Mouse Breed rapidly – A single pair can become an infestation quickly! – Take action when evidence of ONE mouse is seen or heard Don’t travel far—just 30 feet from their nest Rat Slower to reach reproductive maturity compare to mice – but >6 litters per year Will travel 450 feet from their burrow, but prefer to live close to food and water sources Usually live outside and come inside for food and water 33

What do rodents eat? Food choice varies with species

Where do rodents drink? 35 Sinks Counters Floors Pet bowls Shower stalls Sweaty pipes Refrigerator drip pans and gaskets AC units

Bed bugs 36  A blood-sucking insect  Flat  Range in size from a sesame seed to a apple seed  Light brown to mahogany red depending when they last fed Bed bug slides adapted from NCHH IPM Multi - Family Housing

Bed bugs: Staying Calm Bed bugs do not transmit disease, but they are a pest of significant public health importance  Cause secondary infections after people scratch their bed bug bites  Result in stress, loss of work, loss of productivity, loss of sleep, and financial burden  Are unwelcome in our homes and workplaces 37

Bed bugs: How do they get into your home? 38  Most active at night – because humans are asleep  Hide in cracks and crevices, often in groups  Cannot fly, jump, or burrow into skin…they crawl  Hitchhike on coats, bags, furniture, wheelchairs…

Bed bugs: How do they reproduce? They need a human blood meal ! 39 Unfed Fed

Bed bugs: How to manage for them? Identify  Bites  Fecal spots  Shed skins  Dead bed bugs  Live bed bugs Evaluate Infestation 40  In the building  In any crack or crevice where a credit card edge could fit  In anything near where people rest

Bed bugs How to Manage for them  Hitchhike on coats, bags, furniture, wheelchairs – inspect thoroughly anything you bring into the home  Be diligent when visiting other places – look for them  Contact a Pest Management Professional 41

What is Integrated Pest Management or IPM? 42

How are you managing or controlling the pests? 1. Have you tried to keep them out by blocking entry into your home? 2. Have you kept food out of reach of the pest? 3. Have you been trying to trap the pest? 4. Have you been using pesticides? 43

Blocking Entry 44

Minimize Access to Food & Water No pets dishes left out overnight No dirty dishes left in the sink Fix leaky faucets Keep counter tops cleaned off – wash with vinegar water to confuse ants 45

Trap Monitoring 46

Traps 47 Snap Traps

How to use baits to kill/trap rodents Mice 1. Bait & set many traps 2. 6 traps for each mouse 3. Set immediately 48 Rats 1. Place many traps 2. Bait and leave UNSET until rats are readily feeding 3. Bait and set all traps Bait with what they’re eating or using to nest

Bait Traps for Rodents  The label is the law  All rodenticide labels require tamper-resistant stations  Read the label on both the station and the bait  The bait station should be secured, locked, and labeled  If the rodents are inside, consider using traps 49

Pesticides 50

Contact Insecticides vs. Baits 51

Cockroach & Ant Bait Stations  With baits the insecticide is taken back to the nest and shared with others (cockroaches and ants).  Most baits contain an insecticide and food attractant confined within a plastic, child- resistant container. 52

Are you using pesticides? And are you using them correctly? The label is the law! 53

Protect Yourself when Using Pesticides 54

Are you storing pesticides correctly?  Out of reach of children  In original containers 55

Are you disposing of pesticides properly? 56

Action Steps  Keep a Clean Home  Keep Pests Out of Your Home  Use Pesticides Safely  Store and Dispose of Pesticides Safely 57

Keep a Clean Home  NO Pest Food  NO Pest Water  NO Pest Habitat 58

Keep Pests Out of Your Home  Block entry into home  Caulking entry points  Trimming shrubs and limbs touching home  No plant material touching home  No boxes or furniture that hasn’t been inspected for pests allowed in the home 59

Examples 60

Use Pesticides Safely  Right pesticide for the pest - contact vs. bait  Read the label every time pesticide used – the label is the law  Personal Protective Equipment used  Pesticides storage AWAY from children  NO Bombs/Foggers 61

Store and Dispose of Pesticides Safely OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN! 62

Review of Action Steps as part of IPM program  Keep a Clean Home  Keep Pests Out of Your Home  Use Pesticides Safely  Store and Dispose of Pesticides Safely 63

For More Information  Urban IPM via eXtension.org  Urban IPM via eXtension on Facebook  Stoppests.org (Northeastern IPM Center)  State Level IPM programs through Extension  EPA  National Pesticide Information Center

Educators ONLY There is a lot of information out there about IPM and lots of materials available National Center for Healthy Housing

Video Links  If you have time showing videos of doing a home inspection and techniques to minimize presence of pests Integrated Pest Management in Baltimore City example t=PL0D E36830&index=1 66

Credits National Center for Healthy Housing IPM in Multi-Family Housing Workshop for photos and drawings also various *.gov websites including eXtension.org and other Extension Services/Systems in USA unless noted 67