10 The Service Entrance. 10 The Service Entrance.

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Presentation transcript:

10 The Service Entrance

Objectives List the components of the service entrance. List service drop clearances specified in the NEC. List eight basic guidelines when locating a residential service entrance. Calculate the size of service entrance needed based on the power needs of the dwelling. Select proper conductors and components for the service entrance.

Objectives (cont.) Size and install conductors between the meter socket, main disconnect, and service panel. Provide proper grounding for a service entrance. Explain the purpose of a step-down transformer and indicate where it is used.

Service Entrance All conductors, devices, and fittings that carry electricity from power company’s transformer to the consumer Service entrance components: Service entrance conductors Meter socket, pan, or enclosure Service entrance panel Grounding system Fittings, fasteners, and hardware

Service Entrance Location Service drop—Overhead service entrance conductors (OSHA)

Service Entrance Location (cont.) Service lateral—Buried service entrance conductors (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Selecting Service Entrance Location Underground service conductors installed in a straight line Service conductors should be kept as short as practical to minimize voltage drop Service conductors must enter building as near as possible to the service panel Service disconnect must be at or near point of entry

Selecting Service Entrance Location (cont.) Service panel must be located in a central and accessible area Service equipment must be protected from physical damage, water, and dust Service equipment cannot be placed in bathrooms, storerooms, closets, or damp basements

Number of Services Generally, a structure can have only one service Some exceptions: To supply fire pump or emergency system To supply a large load demand Large structures Service from a generator or solar photovoltaic source Multiple voltage/phase requirements

Service Disconnects For multiple-occupancy buildings, a maximum of six disconnects can be connected to a single service drop or lateral (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Sizing Service Entrance Conductors Copyright © 2013 NFPA

Service Drop Service drop mast Insulator Service head Drip loop Meter socket Meter (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Temporary Wiring Provides electrical power during construction (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Temporary Wiring (cont.) Installation requirements: Locate in a safe place Keep conductors overhead if possible All receptacles require GFCI protection Protect wiring from physical damage Lamps require protective covers Weatherproof housings required when exposed to weather Inspect frequently

Service Disconnect Service equipment must include a disconnect that disconnects service from building’s wiring system Common types: Main disconnect switch Main circuit breaker in service panel

Service Grounding Grounded (neutral) service conductor connected to neutral bus bar in service panel Neutral bus bar is connected to grounding bus bar Grounding bus bar is connected to grounding electrode

Grounding Electrode Conductor Connects grounding bus bar in service panel to grounding electrode (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Above-Roof Clearances (OSHA)

Above-Grade Clearances (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Building Opening Clearances (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Transformers Convert voltage and current Primary winding Secondary winding (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Transformer Equations

Transformer Example Primary: 12 V, 20 A Secondary: 120 V Find secondary current

Transformer Types Step-up transformer—Voltage increases from primary to secondary Step-down transformer—Voltage decreases from primary to secondary

Phases Single-phase Two-phase Three-phase (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Single-Phase, Three-Wire System (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Three-Phase, Four-Wire Wye System (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

Three-Phase, Four-Wire Delta System (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)