Wood bark of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera ) as a handmade paper An Investigatory Project Presented to the Science Department In Partial fulfillment of all the requirements in Science-II Angel Faith Sebua Sakare Ayo Rogelio Junio Loren Mae Gumban Nikko Atazan Elfred Olvina Allen John Alabat Hannah Gare Jenny Lou Bataycan MA. Theresa Brani Tabanao Nelson Ducena Cherry Mae Apostol

Introduction Moringa Oleifera is common in the Philippines. It is called “Miracle Vegetable”. Its bark can be used as a handmade paper. The problem that connects in this project is “What will be the texture, cost/value and acceptance by the consumer if recycled wood bark of Malunggay is used in making paper.” The answer of hypothesis in the said problem is “We think that if recycled wood bark of Malunggay is used in making paper, then its texture will be rough, it is cheap and it will be acceptable by the consumer.” With this part, the prime objective of this project is to enhance the knowledge and patience of the maker.  Background of the study Papers are usually known by their large contribution for money, bank note, cheque, voucher & tickets. Paper is basically a thin/thick material that is used for writing. It is produced from cellulose pulp from wood, rags and grass. These materials are then pressed together and are dried into flexible sheets. Like other papers, it can be used for writing and printing, used in industrial and construction processes such as paper mache, guilling, paper honeycomb, used for storing information in the form of notebook, books, magazines, newspaper and also in cleaning - In the form of paper towels, tissues, etc.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM What will be the texture, cost/value and acceptance by the consumer if recycled wood bark of Malunggay is used in making paper?   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To find out does it produce the same as the commercial papers. 2. Is it easy to produce a paper by handmade product. 3. To find out does the wood bark of malunggay can be able to make a paper. STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) is very useful and important to us. It contains anti-biotic acid that can heal wounds, thus, that is why it is added and mixed on medicines. That’s the basic reason why we used/recycled the wood barks of the malunggay on making or own handmade paper.  

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The importance of this study is to produce paper by the use of the wood barks of the Malunggay tree. On our environment, Malunggay can be seen anywhere. It is acceptable in the market and it will be cheap if sold because the materials are not expensive. It has relevance on life. Many people are looking for the best quality of paper that has a low price. Lastly, it also helps lessen trees w/c has been cut down nowadays. SCOPE AND LIMITATION This study is limited only in making paper using the wood barks of Malunggay in producing handmade paper in a cheap & acceptable way for consumers.

Introduction Moringa Oleifera is common in the Philippines. It is called “Miracle Vegetable”. Its bark can be used as a handmade paper. The problem that connects in this project is “What will be the texture, cost/value and acceptance by the consumer if recycled wood bark of Malunggay is used in making paper.” The answer of hypothesis in the said problem is “We think that if recycled wood bark of Malunggay is used in making paper, then its texture will be rough, it is cheap and it will be acceptable by the consumer.” With this part, the prime objective of this project is to enhance the knowledge and patience of the maker.  Background of the study Papers are usually known by their large contribution for money, bank note, cheque, voucher & tickets. Paper is basically a thin/thick material that is used for writing. It is produced from cellulose pulp from wood, rags and grass. These materials are then pressed together and are dried into flexible sheets. Like other papers, it can be used for writing and printing, used in industrial and construction processes such as paper mache, guilling, paper honeycomb, used for storing information in the form of notebook, books, magazines, newspaper and also in cleaning - In the form of paper towels, tissues, etc.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM What will be the texture, cost/value and acceptance by the consumer if recycled wood bark of Malunggay is used in making paper?   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To find out does it produce the same as the commercial papers. 2. Is it easy to produce a paper by handmade product. 3. To find out does the wood bark of malunggay can be able to make a paper. STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) is very useful and important to us. It contains anti-biotic acid that can heal wounds, thus, that is why it is added and mixed on medicines. That’s the basic reason why we used/recycled the wood barks of the malunggay on making or own handmade paper.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY   The importance of this study is to produce paper by the use of the wood barks of the Malunggay tree. On our environment, Malunggay can be seen anywhere. It is acceptable in the market and it will be cheap if sold because the materials are not expensive. It has relevance on life. Many people are looking for the best quality of paper that has a low price. Lastly, it also helps lessen trees w/c has been cut down nowadays. SCOPE AND LIMITATION This study is limited only in making paper using the wood barks of Malunggay in producing handmade paper in a cheap & acceptable way for consumers.

Experimental Design Controlled Variables: The weight of each is measured. Amount of dried malunggay bark Amount of chlorine Amount of caustic soda Amount of Venus dye

Experimental Design Manipulated Variable: The type of material used in making paper

Experimental Design Responding Variable: The texture, cost value, and acceptance of the paper

Materials Raw Materials: 500 grams of dried malunggay bark 125 grams chlorine 100 grams caustic soda Other Materials: 2 grams Venus Dye Mold and Deckle Silk Screen Cloth or Net Bag Weighing Scale Mortar and Scale

Procedures I. Preparation of Materials The barks of Malunggay stems are removed. The outer skin was scraped off and bark was stripped off from the inner wood. Then the barks were sun-dried. The materials were first prepared before the experiment.

Procedures II. Boiling of Malunggay Barks The dried barks were boiled in caustic soda and water for 2-3 hours. Then the barks were washed to remove chemicals. They were then pounded to produce wood pulp.

Procedures III. Bleaching and Dyeing of the Wood Pulp The pulp produced in the process was bleachedusing chlorine. After bleaching, it was washed toremove chemicals. The wood pulp was soaked inwater for 5-15 minutes to make it whiter. Thenthe wood pulp was boiled in dye and water forabout 15 minutes.

Procedures IV. Molding and Drying of Wood Pulp The dyed wood pulp can now be molded. Using the mold and deckle, the wood pulp mixed with water was molded. To dry the pulp, place it on an even wall or screen to let it dry. When the pulp has already dried, strip off the paper from the wall.

Final Output

Flow chart Strip off the inner barks from the wood pulp Prepare materials Strip off the inner barks from the wood pulp Bleach the wood pulp Mold the wood pulp Dye the paper Place the pulp on an even wall or screen to let it dry. Strip off the paper from the silk screen. Paper is produce and ready to use.

DEFINITION OF TERMS   REMOVE - take away, get rid of SCRAPE - to rub over roughly STRIP - undress, make bare, deprive PREPARE - make ready BOIL - to soak in boiling water WASH - make clean, flow over, coat, purify POUND - to hammer BLEACH - chemical used to whiten SOAK - to wet completely DYE - to change color MOLD - to produce wood pulp using the mold & deckle MIX - to join together, unite, get along with, combine

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS FINDINGS/ANALYSIS OF DATA: EXPIREMENT # BOILING TIME AMT. OF WATER AMT. OF CAUSTIC SODA PROCESS OF FINING AMT. OF CHLORINE AMT. OF DYE 1 2 hrs. 5 liters 100 grams. Pounded 50 grams NONE 2 3HRS. 7 liters 100 grams Pounded & Blended 75 grams 3 2 packs. In Experiment no. 1, the result of the wood barks were not so fine. The color of the product is something dirty. The texture is rough. In Experiment no.2, the result was change. The wood barks were fine enough. The color of the product now is whiter than the previous one. The texture is smooth. In Experiment no.3, the result was still the same except for the color. The color change due to the dye (red) we put. After producing the paper out of the Malunggay Bark, the researchers will ask somebody to rate the tear strength, texture and acceptance of the paper.

Conclusion: Our hypothesis was right. The texture of the paper out of Malunggay Bark is rough. It is acceptable in the market, and it will be cheap if sold, because the materials are not expensive.

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