War of 1812 and Upsurge of Nationalism Theme: The American effort in the War of 1812 was plagued by poor strategy, political divisions, and increasingly aggressive British power. Nevertheless, the United States escaped with a stalemated peace settlement, and soon turned its isolationist back to the Atlantic European world. Theme: The aftermath of the War of 1812 produced a strong surge of American nationalism that was reflected in economics, law, and foreign policy. The rising nationalistic spirit and sense of political unity was, however, threatened by the first severe sectional dispute over slavery. Theme: Chief Justice John Marshall’s Supreme Court strengthened the federal government by supporting a “loose construction” of the Constitution, asserting the federal judiciary’s power over state courts, and enforcing economic provisions ,in the Constitution (interstate commerce, sanctity of contracts).

I. War of 1812 Characteristics Canadian front New York front Failed Canadian Invasions, 1812-1813 Constitution O. H. Perry New York front Tom Macdonough at Plattsburgh Chesapeake front Francis Scott Key New Orleans front Andrew Jackson Treaty of Ghent Federalist Front Hartford Convention sectionalism

i II. Era of Good Feelings Impact of the War Clay’s American System Nascent Nationalism Decline of dependence GB Westward expansion Political optimism Clay’s American System Tariff of 1816 20-25% (protective trend) Sectional debate 2nd BUS-Jeffersonians! Internal Improvements Calhoun’s Bill, 1817 Erie Canal, 1826 Election of Monroe, 1816 Panic of 1819 Overspeculation BUS v. “wildcat” banks Relection of Monroe, 1820 i James Monroe Revolutionary War Veteran

Era of Good Feeling? Issue Favor Oppose Tariff West North/South Internal improvements paid for by Feds BUS or “expensive $” North West/South Control the Indians and sale public lands Panic of 1819 Western hostility toward Northern Banks Slavery Increased sectionalism between North and South

Growing West VT (1791) KY (1792) LA (1812) TE (1796) MS (1817) North West South VT (1791) KY (1792) LA (1812) TE (1796) MS (1817) OH (1803) AL (1819) IN (1816) IL (1818)

III. Missouri Compromise Issues: maintain sectional balance Tallmadge Amendment: no more slaves Provisions Maine free and Missouri slave 36’30’ Legacy of Compromise Marshall Court, 1801-1835 Fletcher v. Peck (1810) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

IV. Foreign Policy Treaties Monroe Doctrine Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817 Treaty of 1818 FL Purchase Treaty, 1819 Monroe Doctrine Latin American Revolutions Anglo-American Alliance Message to Congress: Hands Off Europe! Significance

U.S., 1821 Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817 FL Purchase Treaty, 1819 Treaty of 1818: 49th Treaty of 1818: fishing Treaty of 1818: Oregon Rush-Bagot Treaty, 1817 FL Purchase Treaty, 1819 Spain cedes Fl to US US out Spanish America Spanish out of OR

Map Questions Use the maps and charts in Chapter 12 to answer the following questions (answers are on next slide) Near which two Great Lakes were the major battles related to the American invasions of Canada fought? What were the only two states that voted contrary to the general trend of their section in the election of 1812? (i.e. North vs. South)? For the following questions use map on page 247. After the Missouri Compromise of 1820, only two organized territories of the United States remained eligible to join the Union as slave states. Which were they? As of 1821, how many slave states had been carved out of the territory of the Louisiana Purchase? After Maine was admitted as a free state in 1820, how many organized territories were there north of the 36°30’ – that is, the border between the slave and free territories? As of 1821, which five slave states were north of the 36°30’ that was intended to be the future northern limit of slavery? For the following questions use maps on page 250-1 Under the British-American boundary settlement of 1818, which nation gained the most territory (compared with the natural Missouri River watershed boundary)? Which organized American territory lay immediately north of West FL?

Map Answers Lake Erie and Lake Ontario Vermont (north) and Maryland (south) Florida and Arkansas Two: Louisiana and Missouri Only 1: Michigan Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri The U.S. Mississippi