Creating Whole Communities Todd Swanstrom Des Lee Professor of Community Collaboration and Public Policy Administration University of Missouri-St. Louis Creating Whole Communities LISC’S 2nd Community Development Symposium Whole Neighborhoods … One Milwaukee October 26, 2013

National Economic Trends: Rising Inequality

Percentage Change in Median Household Income, (adjusted for inflation) Rising Inequality Across Space

Poverty Rate, All of Metro Milwaukee and City of Milwaukee, Rising Poverty

Rising Concentrated Poverty

Ratio of Growth in Housing Units to Growth in Households, St. Louis Milwaukee 1.39

Older Neighborhoods Are Running Up the Down Escalator

What Can Community Development Do in the Face of National and Regional Trends? 1.Build Mixed-Income Communities Through Asset- Based Community Development 2. Connect Low-Income Residents to Regional Opportunity Structures 3. Link Place-Based Initiatives to People-Based Services

I. Building Mixed-Income Communities Through Asset-Based Community Development Problems Deficits Assets Opportunities

More ElderlyFewer "Ozzie & Harriet" Families Smaller households Opportunity: Changing Demographics and Demand for Housing

1 Northpoin t Walk Score 92 Populatio n 3,571 2 Murray Hill 92 5,593 3 Juneau Town 90 4,533 4 Lower East Side 89 11,412 5 Kilbourn Town 88 3,958 Competitive Advantage of Older Urban Neighborhoods Most Walkable Neighborhoods in the City of Milwaukee

Central West End in St. Louis

What Explains Success of Central West End? 1. Connectivity 2. Amenities 3. Anchor Institutions

But Is the Central West End a Classic Case of Gentrification?

Racial/Ethnic Composition

The Concentrated Poverty “Tax” Effect of Moving From High-Poverty to Low-Poverty Community Loss of wages $3,000 Cost of cashing payroll checks $789 More expensive groceries $453 More expensive homeowner’s insurance ….... $200 Higher cost of car insurance $400 TOTAL $4,842

II. Linking Low-Income Communities to Regional Opportunity Structures: The Case of 24:1

Pagedale Population: 3,304 (- 8.6 % since 2000) 27 % poverty rate 40 % female-headed households 17 % unemployment rate (2012) Few decent-paying jobs

One Major Urban Amenity: MetroLink Station

Rock Road Transit-Oriented Development

Extensive Citizen Engagement

TOD as an Anti-Poverty Strategy

Benefits of TOD in Weak-Market Setting

III. Link Place-Based Initiatives to People-Based Services

Early Childhood Space 56 % of incoming students are not ready for kindergarten (Brigance Test) Over 40 daycare providers No communication between school district and daycare providers

Place-Based Collective Impact: Five-by-Five Collective Impact “Backbone Organization:” Beyond Housing Place-based Component: 24:1 Initiative Reinforces Five-by-Five Bringing daycare facilities up to code Reduction of social isolation through community engagement Free $500 College Savings Account and $4,500 Viking Advantage IDA Housing repairs and reduced mobility

Conclusion: What Are the Three Most Important Prerequisites for Creating Whole Communities? Capacity Capacity!