Battle in which Stonewall Jackson's troops attacked the union army's troops on the right side while General Lee's troops attacked the Union army's left side. 2 nd Battle of Bull Run

An important federal outpost in the South. Fort Sumter

Targeting civilian as well as military resources to destroy an opponent's economy and ability to fight. Total war

Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment. Habeas corpus

Warships heavily armored with iron. Ironclad

Battle that began on April 6, 1862, and that caught Union general Ulysses S. Grant by surprise. Battle of Shiloh

Battle that took place in northwestern Arkansas in which Union forces drove back and defeated pro- Confederate Missourians. Battle of Pea Ridge

Escaped slaves contrabands

Name for northern Democrats who opposed the war. Copperheads

Union army's six-week blockade of Vicksburg that led the city to surrender during the Civil War. Siege of Vicksburg

Battle that proved to be a turning point of the war and that renewed northern confidence that the war could be won. Battle of Gettysburg

Speech given by President Abraham Lincoln in which he spoke of what the Battle of Gettysburg meant to the soldiers who fought it and to the Union they represented. Gettysburg Address

Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland & Missouri; slave states that ran between the North and the South and did not join the Confederacy during the Civil War. Border states

Failed Confederate attack, led by General George Pickett, at the battle of Gettysburg. Pickett’s Charge

African American Civil War regiment that played a key role in the attack on Fort Wagner in South Carolina. 54 th Massachusetts Infantry