Chapter 4 The Social Demography of Health: Gender, Age, and Race

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chap 10: Community Health and Minorities Instructor’s Name Semester, 200_.
Advertisements

THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Chapter 11 Age and Health Inequalities. Chapter Outline  The Structures of Aging and Health Care  Age Differentiation and Inequality  Explanations.
Chapter 5-2 Old Age Pp
What are the priority issues for improving Australia’s Health Groups Experiencing Health Inequities ATSI.
Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 3 The Social Demography of Health: Social Class Medical Sociology Twelfth Edition.
Gender / Health An overview of gender health inequalities in the UK.
Social and Economic Outlook for an Aging Society
North Carolina Aging Demographics
Health & Medicine n Medical Sociology. Society shapes human health n Cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy n Social inequality n Technology.
Modern Mortality and Morbidity Differentials in the U.S. SOC 331, Population and Society,
Assignment for April 1, 2008 In class We will watch a Bill Moyers’ documentary, Children in America’s Schools.
POVERTY & The Fall of the Family By Maile Urashima Matt Valdes Symphony Smith.
Demographic Trends of an Aging Society b Senior Citizens What do you think of getting older?What do you think of getting older? Why study gerontology?Why.
 Gender Stratification: the ranking of the sexes in such a way that women are unequal in power, resources, and opportunities.
K yriakos S. Markides, PhD University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas, USA Adelaide, Australia, July 2, 2011.
Main Menu Defining Old Age Employment Marital Status Aging of Population Sources of Income Life Expectancy Death Inequality Staying Active.
Social Aspects of Diseases. Dr. Mostafa Arafa Associate Prof. of Family and Community medicine Faculty of medicine, medical sciences King Khaled University,
Healthy People 2010 Focus Area 12: Heart Disease and Stroke
Global Awareness Program Women’s Health. What sets women’s health apart from men’s? Two big themes: 1)Women generally need more health care than men because.
The Human Population 8. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview of Chapter 8  The Science of Demography  Demographics of Countries.
Chapter 2 summary “The health status of Australians”
Quick Questions 1. 1.List statistics that highlight Glasgow’s special health problems. 2.Explain why it is important not to stereotype all people who live.
Health Status of Australian Adults. The health status of Australians is recognised as good and is continually improving. The life expectancy for males.
Priority Groups for Choose Life Overview. Children (especially looked after children): Deaths of children aged 0-14: < 5 per year (GROS) Highest in males.
Biosociology of Health Effects of Genes and Environment on Health Effects of Genes and Environment on Health –Diseases in different parts of the world.
Health Disparities of Minority Women and Diabetes Kathleen M. Rayman, Ph.D., RN Appalachian Center for Translational Research in Disparities Faculty Development.
Lesson Starter How can lifestyle choices lead to health inequalities?
SECTION B: SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UK Study Theme 2: Wealth and Health in the UK 5.
Comparing the health status of Australians to other developed countries Key knowledge: Health status of Australians compared with other developed countries,
The Impact of Inequality on Personal Life Chances Roderick Graham Fordham University.
What Does Common Sense, and the Data Tell Us? Food for Thought Torney Smith Spokane Regional Health District.
Chapter 20 Health Care. Chapter Outline The Structure of Health Care in the U.S. Theoretical Perspectives on Health Care Health and Sickness in America:
Chapter 10 Health Care Problems of Physical and Mental Illness.
Chapter 6 Race and Ethnicity. Frameworks for Defining Minority Experience in the United States Melting Pot –Taking in people from around the world and.
1 Ch. 21. Health and Medicine Medical Sociology. 2 Today’s coming attractions !!  How does culture shape your health?  What are you most likely to die.
Our Nation’s Elders: The Facts Chapter 1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
Population Mortality and Morbidity in Ireland n April 2001.
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Being Single Preview.
Lesson 14 - Learning Intentions (After this lesson pupils should be able to): Explain the reasons for health inequalities in terms of: -Social class- Geographic.
Determinants of Health. The determinants of health There are a number of factors that cause variations in health status these include environmental, biomedical,
1 Ch. 21. Health and Medicine Medical Sociology. Two states comparison 2.
Health and Health Care  Goals  To explore trends in aging and health  To understand various social determinants in health  To examine different health.
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. Chapter 25 Minority and Ethnic Populations.
Chapter 11 Age Inequalities and Health Age Differentiation and Inequality Explanations for Age Stratification Health and Health Care The U.S. Health Care.
Age, Health, and Poverty Lecture 9 Today’s Readings Schiller Ch. 6: Age and Health DeParle, Ch. 7: Redefining Compassion: Washington, DeParle,
1 Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 30 Major Health Issues.
Diversity & Aging: Health Disparities by Gender, SES, and Ethnicity May 4, 2010.
© Robert J. Atkins, Ph.D. Health & Medicine Medical Sociology What will affect your health? 1.
Variations in the health status of population groups in Australia Including: males and females higher and lower socioeconomic status groups rural and remote.
Chapter 10 Community and Public Health and Racial/Ethnic Minorities.
Chapter 15 Physical Activity and Special Populations “PURE ENJOYMENT COMES FROM ACTIVITY OF THE MIND AND EXERCISE OF THE BODY.” -- ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT.
Distribution of health and Illness Social Class. Aims & Objectives Analyse data that demonstrates health inequality (class, gender, ethnicity) Analyse.
Chapter 8 Adolescents, Young Adults, and Adults. Introduction Adolescents and young adults (10-24) Adolescence generally regarded as puberty to maturity.
Presented at the Health and Society Conference at the University of Nicosia Nicosia, Cyprus April 5, 5009 By: Dr. Tariqah A. Nuriddin, Assistant Professor.
Lecture 12 Mortality. Mortality: Declining mortality is at the root of present world population growth, not rising fertility. Lifespan: How long a person.
Unit 7 P5: Compare patterns and trends of health and illness in three different social groups. M3: Use sociological explanations for health inequalities.
Cigarette Smoking in the United States
Summary of Slide Content
BY Deena Mostafa El-maleh Lecturer of geriatrics & gerontology
Adolescents, Young Adults, and Adults
Overview of the Management of Vulnerable and Underserved Populations
The Scope of the Problem
Chapter 2: The Aging Population
Chapter 8 Adolescents, Young Adults, and Adults
Chapter 10 Community and Public Health and Racial/Ethnic Minorities
Health Inequalities.
Health & Medicine Medical Sociology.
W.H.O. DEFINITION OF PRIMARY CARE
What will I learn? To identify the gender and racial inequalities that exist in relation to health. 1.
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 The Social Demography of Health: Gender, Age, and Race Medical Sociology Twelfth Edition William C. Cockerham Chapter 4 The Social Demography of Health: Gender, Age, and Race

Gender: The Narrowing Gap in Longevity 2008 study revealed declines in life expectancy for some groups in the U.S. Between 1961 and 1983 no declines in life expectancy anywhere in the country Between 1983 and 1999 declines for 19% of women and 4% of men Declines sharpest among rural, low-income female populations in the South and lower Midwest

Gender: The Narrowing Gap in Longevity In preindustrial societies, life expectancy for men and women was similar Since 1850, women made greater gains in life expectancy and today outlive men in all but a few countries Changes in work and family circumstances in the 1970s and a convergence between men and women in lifestyles mean the gap between men and women is narrowing

Gender: The Narrowing Gap in Longevity

Gender: Male-Female Life Expectancy Male death rates still exceed those of females at all ages and for the leading causes of death such as heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular diseases (stroke), accidents, and pneumonia Male inferiority in life expectancy has both biological and social components Higher mortality rates even at the prenatal and neonatal stages Higher rates of accidents, aggressive and risky behavior, and occupational stress

Gender: Male-Female Life Expectancy Men generally have a higher rate of mortality, but women appear to have a higher morbidity rate Women are more likely to have chronic conditions that are not a leading cause of death (except for diabetes) Men have more of the chronic health problems that end one’s life

Gender: Smoking Some 443,000 Americans die each year from smoking-related diseases The current trend in the United States is toward a decrease in smoking for both sexes Rate of male smokers began declining earlier and faster than women

Gender: Mental Health No consistent differences between men and women in clinically diagnosed cases of mental illness, except: Women have higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders Men have more personality disorders Marriage and employment carry mental health benefits for both men and women

Age The 20th century has seen the rapid growth of the aged population worldwide

Age Current cohort of elderly: Healthier, better educated, and more affluent than past cohorts Increased political power to influence relevant legislation (especially regarding Social Security and Medicare) Although healthier, will place greater demand on health care delivery systems as there are more of them

Age Most elderly rate their health as good despite the deterioration of health that accompanies old age Suggests two important points about self-rated health: It is a relative assessment People compare themselves to others who are similar in age and sex Shows how health is perceived in terms of ability to function Older adults generally have reduced daily activities compared to young adults, thus poor health is less likely to be viewed as disruptive

Race The convergence of biological factors with geographic origins, and multiple cultural, economic, political, and legal variables

Race: Black Americans Blacks are disadvantaged compared to whites in longevity

Race: Black Americans Significantly more blacks than whites have hypertension, a major contributor to black mortality Multiple reasons are suggested for this pattern: Genetic predisposition Physical exertion (more likely than whites to be engaged in manual labor) Associated disorders (more likely to have other diseases that cause hypertension) Psychological stress (from racial discrimination) Dietary patterns Poorer medical care

Race: Black Americans Health disparities between blacks and whites point to the importance of socioeconomic factors Poverty, marginal employment, low incomes, segregated living conditions, and inadequate education are more common among blacks than whites and are features of socioeconomic stratification known to cause poor health

Race: Black Americans The “intra-racial network effect” is offered as one explanation for why blacks have the highest rates of STDs Blacks are more segregated than other racial/ethnic groups in American society A high number of sexual contacts between an infected black core and its periphery of yet uninfected black sexual partners tends to contain the infection within the black population

Race: Hispanics “Hispanic paradox” Hispanics have lower mortality rates than non-Hispanic whites at most ages despite their lower socioeconomic status and levels of health insurance in the United States Population is younger than other racial groups and may explain the paradox Hispanics more likely to be without a regular source of health care

Race: Native Americans Have experienced a significant improvement in their overall level of health, but important problems remain. In particular, there are high rates of: Diabetes and mortality from diabetes Accidents Alcoholism and alcohol-related diseases Suicide

Race: Asian Americans Overall, Asians and Pacific Islanders are the healthiest racial group in American society when mortality rates are considered Again, demonstrates importance of socioeconomic status Asian Americans have the highest levels of income, education, and employment of any racial/ethnic minority in the U.S.

Race: Causes of Death

Race: Infant Mortality