Big Idea 17: Interdependence Grade 4 Pacing Guide Quarter 4 Topic XIX Flow of Energy Resources Mary Tweedy  Ileana M. Sosa, Ed. D Glenda Moton Marilyn Albelo Silvia Viquez Curriculum Support Specialists Millard Lightburn Ph. D. District Science Supervisor Division of Mathematics, Science, and Advanced Academics

Big Idea 17: Interdependence SC.4.L.17.3 - Trace the flow of energy from the Sun as it is transferred along the food chain through the producers to the consumers. AA SC.4.L.17.2 - Explain that animals, including humans, cannot make their own food and that when animals eat plants or other animals, the energy stored in the food source is passed to them. Assessed as SC.4.L.17.3 SC.3.L.17.2 - Recognize that plants use energy from the Sun, air, and water to make their own food. Assessed as SC.4.L.17.3

Is It Food for Plants? is an informative assessment that engages students in thinking about their own ideas about the topic being studied and informs the teacher about ideas students bring to their learning before instruction to guide the teacher’s next steps for appropriate instruction the topic for study. (It is not to be graded.) It should be given again after the instruction to see the conceptions students formed and can this be used as a grade.

What is Interdependence ? Florida Everglades Engage and say: Imagine you are walking outdoors in a woody area, maybe in the Everglades National Park. Click on the hyperlink for a one min. video clip. What could you see? Here or there you may see …animals- alligators, birds (anhiga, blue heron,) tree snails, butterflies (zebra), plants (water lilies, pine trees, firebush, sawgrass), water (fresh water slough) Each of these living things are connected to each other in the life of the Everglades ecosystems. Ask: What do all living things need in order to live, grow, and reproduce. Yes, all organisms need energy in order to live, grow, and reproduce. In ecosystems, energy is passed from one organism to another. Ask what do we call the path by which energy moves from one living thing to another? Food chains Energy moves to all organisms by food chains. Food chains can help us to understand how animals depend on plants and sometimes on other animals. In other words all living things depend on each other or are interdependent.

What is interdependence? The way all living things depend on each other. No plant or animal lives alone. Each depends in some way upon other plants and/or animals for energy in order to live, grow, and reproduce. Explain: Ask students to explain what interdependence is. Students can break down the word interdependence and use the pictures from the slides and the Everglades film segment. Then pass out The Critter Connection Food Chain foldable booklet. Have students read p. 2 to find out what gives living things energy. Where does all energy originally come from? Why are plants called producers?

Who are the Producers? Plants are producers. Plants make their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Plants use 4 ingredients to make their food. 3 Light Explore and Explain: Say let’s take a closer look at how plants make or produce their own food. (Click on the hyperlink: Who are the Producers? to watch a video.) Say let’s watch the video to find out who are the producers and what ingredients plants use to make their own food. FYI Here’s an explanation of photosynthesis: Leaves, another organ found in plants are the main food making parts. They make food through the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide from the air is taken in through tiny holes called *stomata on the underside surface of the leaves, and the roots take in the water from the soil that is transported to the leaves xylem vessels in both the stem and leaves. The carbon dioxide and the water are combined using energy taken in from sunlight by the chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll, a green chemical that absorbs the Sun’s light energy. This process produces chemicals, the plant’s food called glucose and also oxygen. After the video: Ask the following: Who are the producers? What is the process called when plants make their own food? What are the 4 ingredients ? You can also do Bagging Photosynthesis inquiry activity as a small group or whole class demonstration. See the activity sheet. 2 4 1

Let’s take another look at Photosynthesis. Leaves are the main food making parts. Plants produce sugar called glucose. Plants also produce oxygen. Explore, Explain, and Evaluate: click on the hyperlink, Photosynthesis, to go to Scholastic Study Jam. Students can view a video, presentation, sing a karaoke and then do an evaluation. Ask: In what part of the plant do plants make their own food? What happens when plants make their own food? What food do they produce? *What else is made that in this process, that animals need to breathe? **Optional Photosynthesis By-Product Activity: You can observe the oxygen being produced by photosynthesis by placing a clear plastic bag over a branch of leaves of a plant and sealing it. Then place it in the sun and check every 30 minutes or so for a change. The bag will inflate from the oxygen and you’ll see moisture inside the baggie. See the handout: Bagging Photosynthesis

Draw an illustration with captions to explain how plants make their own food through Photosynthesis. Remember to include: -The four main ingredients water (H₂O) carbon dioxide (CO₂) chlorophyll light - What plants make for food Click on the hyperlink: Photosynthesis to see an animation of interdependence at work . Click on launch interactive and the open The Cycle. Evaluation: You can have students follow the slide directions to draw an illustration or have them do the Photosynthesis Recipe Card activity that is presented on the next two slides.

Photosynthesis Recipe Card Your recipe card must include: The “ingredients” (items) needed for photosynthesis to take place The “directions” or the process that occurs during photosynthesis Illustration with captions that demonstrate what is happening An attractive and legible display Optional Evaluation: Distribute Photosynthesis Recipe Card activity paper and discuss it. Go over directions and the rubric for grading on the next slide.

Recipe Card Rubric Ingredients 1-included few (1) of the ingredients some(2) of the 3-included most (3) of the 4- included all (4 to 5) of the Directions 1- included few or none of the directions some of the 3- included most of the Illustration & Captions 1- illustration and captions are incomplete and/ or vague 2- illustration captions are partially complete 3- illustration and captions are complete and clearly written 4- illustration written with details Display Attributes Grammar Spelling Clear Legible Appearance 1- poor display: two attributes are missing 2- Average quality- only one attribute missing with minor errors 3- good quality- all attributes present with few if any 4- superior display – all attributes present and of exemplary quality Go over the rubric for grading.

How do plants get their food? Plants make their own food. Plants use four ingredients: carbon dioxide water light from the sun chlorophyll from the leaves The chlorophyll in the leaves captures the sunlight’s energy and along with the water and carbon dioxide plants make a food called sugar. Why would a plant die without leaves? Why would animals not survive without plants? Explain/Evaluate for one more review: Ask the question, How do plants get their food?. Then read and discuss the AIMS booklet , Leaves Make Food with students. Have students name the main points. You can ask the additional following questions: What are the ingredients? What happens in the process? Next have them go to the last page of the Leaves Make Food booklet and ask the question: Why would a plant die without leaves? Students can respond in the booklet. Have students share responses. Then ask why would animals not survive without plants? Students can respond in the booklet. Let students share a few responses. Tell students we will look at this more closely in the next few days.

Evaluation: Give the formative assessment probe, Is It Food for Plants Evaluation: Give the formative assessment probe, Is It Food for Plants? can be given again to see if the conceptions instructed were understood by the students.

P ___________________________________ H ___________________________________ O ___________________________________ T ___________________________________ S ___________________________________ Y ___________________________________ N ___________________________________ E ____________________________________ I ____________________________________ Extension/Enrichment: Students can work alone or in a group to write an acrostic poem.

Who are the Consumers? Consumers cannot make their own food. They eat other organisms to get energy. There are three types of consumers: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.   Explore: Click on the hyperlink: Who are the Consumers? to play a video that reviews producers and adds consumers. Explain: Have students read The Critter Connection Food Chain foldable booklet p. 3 to find out what animals who cannot use energy from the sun to make their own food are called. Ask: How do they get their energy? How many types of consumers are there?

Consumers Herbivores eat plants. The prefix “herbi-” means green grass plants. Rabbits and deer are examples of herbivores. Carnivores eat meat. The prefix “carni-” comes from the Spanish word “carne,” which means meat. Alligators, wolves, cougars, and sharks are examples of carnivores. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. The prefix “omni-” means “all.” People, raccoons and bears that eat meat, fish, and vegetables are examples of omnivores.   Explore: Click on the hyperlink: Consumers to learn about them. Explain Ask: What do herbivores eat? What do carnivores eat? What do omnivores eat?

Who are the Decomposers? They are organisms that feed on waste and remains of dead organisms. Decomposers get energy by breaking down the remains of producers and consumers into nutrients. Earthworms, bacteria, and fungi (such as mushrooms) are examples of decomposers. Explore: Click on the hyperlink: Who are the Decomposers? To learn about them. Explain: Have students read The Critter Connection Food Chain foldable booklet p. 4 to learn about decomposers. Ask: Who are decomposers? What are some examples? How are decomposers and consumers alike? How are they different?

A food chain is the path by which energy passes from one living thing to another. Where did the grass get its energy from? Where did the snake get its energy from? Explore and Explain: Have students read The Critter Connection Food Chain foldable booklet p. 5 to learn about food chains. Then click on the hyperlink : food chain to view More Food Chains video and discuss. Evaluate: Then ask: Where did the grass get its energy from? Where did the snake get its energy from?

What would happen to the hawk population if there were no snakes? Food chains can help us to understand how animals depend on plants and sometimes on other animals. What would happen to the hawk population if there were no snakes? What would happen to the mouse population if there were no snakes? All together producers, consumers, and decomposers form an interdependence. Explore: Click on the hyperlink Food chains to explore some animated samples of food chains for simulation and discussion. Explain and Evaluate: Next ask: What would happen to the hawk population if there were no snakes? What would happen to the mouse population if there were no snakes?

Using all of the pictures and/or names below, draw and label a possible food chain Explain/Evaluation: Have students answer the question: How are plants and animals interdependent? Then click on the hyperlink - play the video and discuss. Extend: This can be class work or Homelearning: Students complete the last page on The Critter Connection Food Chains p. 8 activity. How are plants and animals interdependent?

Create a Food Chain Using Organisms Common to Florida Materials: small paper plate yarn tape scissors Florida animal and plant pictures crayons, markers Explore and Explain: Optional hyperlink: Click on the hyperlink Create a Food Chain to watch a scholastic Study Jam on Food Chains. Do show next hyperlink: Using Organisms Common to Florida to show the video,Everglades Ecosystem: The Diversity of Organisms Living in the Everglades which shows students organisms common to Florida. Explain and Evaluate: Pass out materials to each group to create their own food chain using organisms common to Florida. Each group will present and include : the organisms in their food chain ‘s names explanation of each organism’s role explanation of how energy is transferred from the Sun through your food chain Be ready to name the organisms in your food chain explain each organism’s role explain how energy is transferred from the Sun through your food chain

What’s My Role? Producers Consumers Decomposers apple snail deer anole grass raccoon alligator egret snake swamp lily hawk panther shrimp mosquito fish blue heron marsh rabbit earthworm kite fungus algae grasshopper bream eagle Producers Consumers Label the consumers: H for herbivores, C for carnivores, O for omnivores. Decomposers Optional: Click on the hyperlink: What’s My Role? to see a video on producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain/evaluate: Pass out the activity sheet: What’s My Role? Or have students create a three column chart and label a column as Producers, one as Consumers, and one as Decomposers. Students classify the living things to their correct role in the food chain. .

Food Chain Assessment Read the following scenario and complete A & B. Huckleberry bushes grow in sunny patches in the forest. Birds eat the berries. Coyotes eat the berries, too. Sometimes coyotes also eat the birds. Identify each living thing in this food chain as a consumer, or producer. For the living things you identified as consumers in part A, identify whether they are herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. Explain how you made your choices. Additional assessment

Interdependence Resources Internet Resources: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosynthesis.html http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/plants/photosynthesis.htm http://www.teachersdomain.org/browse/?fq_hierarchy=k12.sci.life.stru.photosynth http://www.newtonsapple.tv/video.php?id=915 http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/ecosystems/food-chains.htm http://www.biology4kids.com/files/plants_main.html http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/gamesforkids.htm Extension: Students complete the Activity: Interdependence . It can be found in the last part of the handout packet for Big Idea 17: Interdependence