America’s Religious Roots: The Foundations of our Early Religious & Cultural History II.II.I. What are the beginnings & primary beliefs of Judaism, Christianity & Islam? II.II.II. In what ways do these three beliefs compare & contrast?

America’s Religious Roots: Homework Read the introduction and primary document’s “Maryland Toleration Act” and/or “A Model of Christian Charity” (available in the appendix) when finished complete the questions for review that follow. Be prepared to discuss the content and questions with your peers. Homework & Announcements

Maryland Toleration Act Reading Assessment Maryland Toleration Act 1. Why was the Maryland Toleration Act significant (or important)? 2. Who (or which religious group) passed the Toleration Act in Maryland? 3. Why was the Toleration Act passed in Maryland? 4. What did the Maryland Act of Toleration prohibit (or attempt to stop)? a. b. c. d. e. 5. What is the meaning (significance or long term consequences) of the Maryland Toleration Act?

A Model of Christian Charity Reading Assessment: A Model of Christian Charity 1. Why did the Puritans leave England? 2. Who wrote “A Model of Christian Charity” and why? 3. Where did the Puritans emigrate (move to) in the Americas? 4. Why did Winthrop think that the Puritans were a special people? And why did he believe that they had to be especially careful in their new endeavor? 5. How might the Puritans creation and interpretation of a covenant have affected the relationships between church and state and people?

America’s Roots: The Foundations of Our Early Religious & Cultural History SR II What role has religion played in creating our collective story- our history? Native Americans were deeply religious in the pre-discovered North American continent. America was born in the middle of Religious Revolutions in Europe. The Puritans were the first of many groups searching for Religious freedom to come to the Americas; others included Catholics, Amish, Jews, Lutherans, Mennonites, and Huguenots. The single most powerful influence in America during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries was RELIGION

America’s Religious Roots: The Foundations of our Early Religious & Cultural History II.II.I. What are the beginnings & primary beliefs of Judaism, Christianity & Islam? II.II.II. In what ways do these three beliefs compare & contrast?

Unit Assessment Assessment i. At the end of this unit, you should be prepared to answer the essay questions available within the Religion in American History online exam and in the listening guide (The response should be legible, grammatically correct, and answered in full- approximately 150 words). a) What role has Religion and Religious conflict played in the development of American History? b) There will be a UCUTIPS exam covering the role of Religion in American History

What Motivates you? Christopher Columbus was a religious man whose beliefs were part of his thoughts and actions. Throughout his journals and letters, we find him constantly in prayer, using the names of Christ, Mary and the Saints, and giving praise to God. He believed that he had been chosen to do a "great work," that he was a man of destiny divinely inspired in thought and action. In his journal he writes: “Of the New Heaven and Earth which our Lord has made, and as St. John writes in the Apocalypse, after he had told of it by the mouth of Isaiah, he made me the messenger for it and showed me where to find it.” It doesn’t matter if YOU BELIEVE he was inspired, the point is…. HE BELIEVED that God inspired him…. Like other people of his time, he believed God was in all, about all, around all….

Think About it Kahlil Gibran once asked, "Who can separate his faith from his actions, or his belief from his occupation?” World history, indeed American History, is full of events and people who chose not to make this separation. PLEASE NOTE: THIS WILL BE A PRIVATE JOURNAL WRITE. How important is religion and your religious beliefs to you? Do those beliefs impact how you think, feel and act with others? How? Do you believe in an organized church, with defined structures or are your beliefs independent of a church and church leadership? Explain.

Why Religion in American History American culture is influenced by European and Middle Eastern religious traditions. For example, during Colonial America, the Ten Commandments were not just religious laws, they were THE law. Many of these laws have made their way into the American legal system. VIDEO CLIP: The Ten Commandments: History Channel. In the following section we will study three major world religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), whose foundations are based on the Ten Commandments.

Primary Religions impacting the exploration and colonization of the Americas. Israel Judaism: 2000 BCE Christianity: 0 Official Roman Religion: 312 AD Islam: 570 AD Middle East, Northern Africa, Eastern Asia, Indonesia Western Europe

Judaism: Time frame/Founder Time frame: Judaism began about 2000 BCE. Founder: Abraham [to God]  Tevye: I know, I know. We are Your chosen people. But, once in a while, can't You choose someone else?  The Jews lived in an area called the Fertile Crescent, along the Mediterranean in the Middle East. According to the Hebrew Bible, Abraham made a covenant with God that he and his descendents would be “his people.”

Judaism: Basic Beliefs God: There is one God (monotheism) Unique Beliefs: Based on Abraham’s Covenant, they are God’s “Chosen” people. Dietary Laws: “Kosher” Afterlife: Belief in the resurrection and afterlife. Torah and other religious symbols.

Judaism: Scripture/Holy Cities/Place of Worship Scripture: Torah- later used by Christians as the first five books of the Old Testament. Holy Cities: Jerusalem and Hebron. Place of Worship: Synagogue. The Eastern Wall where it is believed the Messiah will enter Jerusalem and rebuild the temple.

Christianity: Time frame/Founder Time Frame: Began in the 1st Century AD as a Jewish sect. Founder: Jesus Christ 0-44 AD Dies Lives Born

Christianity: Basic Beliefs God: God is present in the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. Unique Beliefs: Jesus Christ is the son of God and the “Messiah” that is mentioned in the Old Testament. The death of Jesus, followed by his resurrection, is the most important event in history. Through faith in Jesus one can be saved from sin and death. Afterlife: They believe in a resurrection and afterlife.

Christianity: Scripture/Holy Cities/Places of Worship Scripture: New Testament, based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. They also use Jewish/Torah i.e. Old Testament based on Jewish scripture. Holy Cities: Jerusalem, Galilee, and Bethlehem Places of worship: churches, cathedrals, temples, etc. 1 2 Jerusalem is the city where Christ preached and was later crucified (1) and resurrected (2).

Islam: Time Frame/Founder Time Frame: Began during the 7th century AD, specifically with the teachings of Muhammad ( 570-632 AD). Founder: Muhammad Muslims do not believe in “graven images” so they do not use pictures of Muhammad. Instead, the name Muhammad is written in classic calligraphy.

Islam: Basic Beliefs God: Belief in ONE God (monotheism)- “Allah” Unique Beliefs: Islam means submission, referring to the total surrender of one's self to God, and a Muslim is "one who submits to God". Muhammad was the last prophet (they also believe in many of the Jewish and Christian Prophets) The five pillars: (faith, prayer 5 times a day, zakat (tithes), fasting, and pilgrimage. Afterlife: They believe in an afterlife, salvation is based on their faith in “Allah”. The first sura (verse) of the Quŕan

Islam: Scripture/Holy Cities/Place of Worship Scripture: Quŕan (Koran) Holy Cities: Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem Place of Worship: Mosque Dome of the Rock where Muslims believed Muhammad ascended into heaven. It is built on the foundation of the Jewish Temple, where Jesus (the founder of Christianity) taught. The hajj to the Kaaba in Mecca is an important practice for Muslims to perform.

Primary books of Scripture? Compare and Contrast the Three Religions that laid the foundations for America. Religion When was it founded? Who was it’s founder? Where was it founded? Primary books of Scripture? Primary Beliefs? Holy Cities? Judaism Christianity Islam

Primary books of Scripture? Compare and Contrast the Three Religions that laid the foundations for America. Religion When was it founded? Who was it’s founder? Where was it founded? Primary books of Scripture? Primary Beliefs? Holy Cities? Judaism 2000 BCE Abraham Israel Torah One God Chosen People Kosher Diet Jerusalem Christianity Islam

312 AD official Roman Faith Compare and Contrast the Three Religions that laid the foundations for America. Religion When was it founded? Who was it’s founder? Where was it founded? Primary books of Scripture? Primary Beliefs? Holy Cities? Judaism 2000 BCE Abraham Israel Torah One God Chosen People Kosher Diet Jerusalem Christianity 0 AD 312 AD official Roman Faith Jesus Christ Old Testament Torah) New Testament Trinity: Father Son Holy Ghost Resurrection Galilee Bethlehem Islam

Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem Compare and Contrast the Three Religions that laid the foundations for America. Religion When was it founded? Who was it’s founder? Where was it founded? Primary books of Scripture? Primary Beliefs? Holy Cities? Judaism 2000 BCE Abraham Israel Torah One God Chosen People Kosher Diet Jerusalem Christianity 0 AD 312 AD official Roman Faith Jesus Christ Old Testament (Torah) New Testament Trinity: Father Son Holy Ghost Resurrection Galilee Bethlehem Islam 570 AD Muhammad Middle East Iraq, Saudi Arabia Quŕan Allah Submission to God 5 Pillars Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem

Similarities & Differences pg. 77 Islam Christianity Similarities Differences Judaism

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