50 YEARS AFTER SPUTNIK The beginning of the Space Age F.P. Israel, Sterrewacht Leiden.

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Presentation transcript:

50 YEARS AFTER SPUTNIK The beginning of the Space Age F.P. Israel, Sterrewacht Leiden

Out of the blue :28:34 UT Friday October 4, 1957

... one can imagine the consternation and admiration that would be felt here if the United States were to discover suddenly that some other nation had already put up a succesful satellite. Jimmy Lipp Project RAND, 1947 Despite Early Warning....

Wernher von Braun 1950's space visionary Medaris. Toftoy & Disney

Spy Balloons... WS 119, WS 46

Spy Planes... Secret U-2 Land Killian Bissell

Spy Satellites! WS

CIA & USAF Atlas Thor

Navy, Army & Air Force at each other's throats... Hagen (NRL) ‏ Vanguard - IGY Schriever (USAF) ‏ Medaris (ABMA) ‏

ABMA Trump Card in 1956: Jupiter-C

Meanwhile, back in the USSR... Korolev, Kurchatov, Keldysh Glushko, Sedov 1956

Brilliant improviation: PS-1 October 4, 1957

More improvisation: PS-2 Laika November 3, 1957

Catastrophe at Cape Canaveral December 6, 1957

Explorer 1, January 31, 1958 Rehabilitation in 84 days...

Explorer 1: Pickering, van Allen, von Braun

1958: Vanguard D1 & D2: Sputnik 3 Killian presidential science advisor

Kruschev & Eisenhower: Men with a secret...

1960: U-2 Incident GaryPowers

Alias Discovery failure after failure....

Discoverer 2 Ice Station Zebra

1960: succes Discoverer 13 Discoverer 14 But few are in the know....

Resolution: 12 m Total coverage

It was as if an enormous floodlight had been turned on in a darkened warehouse CIA Deputy Director Wheelon, tonight we know how many missiles the enemy has and, it turned out, our guesses were way off. We were doing things we didn't need to do. We were building things we didn't need to build. We were harbouring fears we didn't need to harbour. President Johnson, March 16, 1967

July 1969 Apollo and N-1 Space Race ends