Astronomy is the scientific study of stars, planets and other things in space. What is Astronomy??
How did the universe begin?? There are three main theories of the origin of the universe. Big Bang theory Steady State theory Creation theory How did the universe begin?? There are three main theories of the origin of the universe. Big Bang theory Steady State theory Creation theory
The universe has always been as it is today New matter is always being produced The universe is continuously contracting and expanding. The universe has always been as it is today New matter is always being produced The universe is continuously contracting and expanding.
Billions of years ago the universe was packed in a small space-Primeval Atom It explodes and threw matter in all directions The explosion caused the formation of the galaxies.
God created the Heavens and the Earth. Adam and Eve Religion
The universe is made up of millions of Galaxies. A galaxy is a swarm of billions of stars, clouds and dust rotating around a central point.
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way Our WHOLE solar system is located right about here X
Stars go through four different stages in their lifetime. The four stages are: Yellow Star Red Giant White Dwarf Black Dwarf
Medium-Hot star. Nuclear reaction occurring Our “Star” (sun) is a yellow star.
As nuclear fuel is used up, star expands and turns red Lasts for about 100 million years When our sun is a Red Giant, it will expand and swallow up the inner planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars
Most of the stars fuel in the outer layers is used up Shrinks and collapses (about the size of Earth but heavier) Gives off a white light
Remaining fuel is used up Star is dead Remaining fuel is used up Star is dead
Basic Sun Facts The Sun is 93 million miles away from Earth. (It takes sunlight 8.5 minutes to reach Earth.) Surface Temperature: 10,000 degrees (F) Core Temp: 22,000,000 degrees Corona Temp: 2,000,000 degrees HOT STUFF!!!
How Big is the Sun??? The Sun is HUGE!!!
Diameter of Sun: 865,000 miles across. 109 Earths would fit across the Sun!!! Circumference: 2,700,000 miles around the Sun WOW!! *** 1,300,000 Earths would fit inside the Sun! WOW!!
The Sun actually moves! Rotation: The Sun spins around one time every 25 days. Revolution: The Sun moves around the center of our galaxy one time every 200,000,000 years!
Core Convection Zone Photosphere Prominences Sunspots Solar Flares Chromosphere Corona
Core: Center of Sun, hottest part. Nuclear fusion takes place Convection Zone: Full of hot gases. Energy released Photosphere: Source of sunlight. Visible part of Sun Prominences: Flame-like gases that travel outward Sunspots: Darker, cooler areas of Sun Solar Flares: Streams of charges atoms Corona: Outer atmosphere Chromosphere: Gases above the photosphere. Seen only during an eclipse
Chromosphere Prominences Sun Spots
EARTHEARTH
The Earth is tilted on it’s axis 23.5 degrees. This is why we have seasons.
Illinois X SUN We have night and day because our planet is rotating or spinning! This is showing daytime in Illinois FYI: This is not to scale!!!
Illinois X SUN We have night and day because our planet is rotating or spinning! This is showing nighttime in Illinois FYI: This is not to scale!!!
Sun Earth This is a little more to scale!!!
The Moon is the Earths only natural satellite. Ancient man feared the moon- Thought it made a person crazy! Lunar- From the moon. Lunatic- Crazy person. 1609, Galileo was the 1 st person to fully examine the moon through a telescope. The Background Info.
Distance from Earth: 250,000 miles Circumference: 7,000 miles Diameter: 2,000 miles ** The moon is about a ¼ of the size of Earth. Gravitational Pull: 1/6 that of the Earth. Ex) If you weight 100 pounds on the Earth, you would weigh about 16.5 pounds on the moon!
Effects of only a little gravity on the moon: No water No atmosphere No air Effects of no air: No sound No wind to carry warmth to cold areas Black skies, you see stars in the daytime.Topography: Craters, mountains, smooth plains, valleys
Temperature on the Moon Bright side is degree s! Dark side is – 270 degrees! Below Zero!
Due to the extreme conditions on the moon astronauts must were a suit like this.
Phases of the Moon
Half of the Moon is ALWAYS lit-up Sunlight
The Moon appears to have phases because it is revolving around us. Full Moon Quarter/Half Moon New Moon Quarter/Half Moon (sunlight)
Rotation: 27 1/3 days Revolution: 27 1/3 days We can only see one side of the moon from the Earth. Astonaughts had to orbit the moon in a rocket ship to see what was on the other side. The reason why we can only see one side of the moon is because the rotation and revolution are the same.
ECLIPSES
SOLAR ECLIPSE When the Moon gets between the Sun and Earth. The Moon casts a small shadow on the Earth.
LUNAR ECLIPSE When the Earth gets between the Sun and the Moon. The Earth casts a shadow on the Moon. This is how we knew the Earth was round!
SOLAR ECLIPSE
LUNAR ECLIPSE
This is a picture of the Earth from the moon.
This shows the craters and the smooth areas on the moon.
This shows the surface of the moon Little Astronaut
And away we go!
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