BERRY PRODUCTION IN TURKEY Prof. Dr. Nurettin KASKA Prof. Dr. Sevgi PAYDAS KARGI Univ of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. Horticulture Adana/Turkey 2 - 4 April 2007 Bordeaux

INTRODUCTION Turkey :Mother land for berries. Raspberry : Black Sea Blackberry : Bolu, Sinop etc. Strawberry : Bolu, Black Sea

Fig. 1. The main berry producing provinces in Turkey 10 9 11 Fig. 1. The main berry producing provinces in Turkey

Years Area (ha) Production (tons) Yield (kg/da) RASPBERRY ( Table 1) Table 1. Area, production and yield of Raspberries in different years in Turkey Years Area (ha) Production (tons) Yield (kg/da) 1995 350 1319 376.9 1996 361 1969 545.4 1997 356 1975 564.8 1998 335 1700 507.5 1999 315 1780 565.1 2000 315 1800 571.4 2001 325 1840 566.2 2002 325 1850 569.2

RASPBERRY Production :1975 tons in 1997. Area 320 hectares Yield :571.4kg/ha The culture started 30-40 years ago in Turkey. It is also grown in subtropical area with shading the plants.

RASPBERRY - Heritage - Dwarf of Holland. - Sandy and organic soils. - Jam,marmalade, ice-cream etc. - Industrial crop Cultivars tried: Summit, Canby, Heritage-1 and 2, Rubin, Dwarf of Holland, Nuburrg, Cola, Aksu red, Meeker, Bursa Dwarf, Tuleman, Villamet.

BLACKBERRY Economically grown in Adana and Mersin (Silifke) and Bursa. Production ? Area ? Yield 6,8,10 kg / Plant, 2-2.5 tons/da. Cultivars tried : Arapaho, Cherokee, Black Satin, Nessy, Jumbo, Dirkson Thornless, Bursa-1, 2, 3 and 4,Theodor Reimers,Chester Thornless,Navaho.

STRAWBERRY Before 1970 traditional growing After 1970 modern planting systems After 1972 frigo (cold stored ) plants were used. Countrywise experiments in 6 locations with 5 varieties (Tioga, Aliso, Pocahontas, Cambridge, Ottoman). After 1980 Cukurova University became the center of strawberry researches. (Varieties : Vista, Pajaro, Cruz, Belruby, Toro, Tufts)

Fig 2. Turkey’s strawberry production area between 1965 and 2005. Area (Fig. 2) 1450 ha in 1965 7150 ha in 1980 10400 ha in 2004 Fig 2. Turkey’s strawberry production area between 1965 and 2005.

Fig 3. Turkey’s strawberry production between 1965 and 2005. Production (Fig. 3) 1500 tons in 1965 51 000 tons in 1990 160 000 tons in 2005 Fig 3. Turkey’s strawberry production between 1965 and 2005.

Fig 4. Turkey’s strawberry average yield between 1965 and 2005. Yield (Fig 4) 4.570 tons/ha in 1961 (farmers) 6.700 tons/ha in 1985 14.400 tons/ha in 2004 50.000 tons/ha in several experiments Fig 4. Turkey’s strawberry average yield between 1965 and 2005.

CULTIVARS Ottoman (Local), Tioga, Aliso, Pocahontas, Cambridge, Tudla, Dorit, Selva, Fern, Seascape, Marmalade, Early Glow, Camarosa, Yalova 110 (Local),Oso Grande Sweet Charlie, Gaviota, Maya, Paros, Diamante, Festival, Earlybrite,

GROWING SYSTEMS Summer planting with frigo or cold stored plants, plug plants. Plastic tunnels, black plastic mulch Winter planting (Silifke)

CONCLUSION - Area and production increased rapidly - Difficulties in runner plant production Mediterranean is not satisfactory Cappadoccia satisfactory soils, volcanic tuffs - Plug plants are becoming popular There are quite a big area suitable for strawberry growing in the Mediterranean and Aegean coastal areas

CONCLUSION Competition with Spain and Italy in Spring is difficult because of distance. Therefore we are trying to concentrate on Autumn production. Presently the yield is low, it can be increased by proper tecknigues. Camarosa is the main cultivar due to its fruit characteristics.

Strawberry fruits during picking season

Strawberry production in walk-in high tunnels in Mersin.

Strawberry crops starting to bear fruits

Strawberry picking on the YALTIR Company’s Field, Mersin, TURKEY.

Strawberry pickers hard at work.

Packing strawberries

Fruiting strawberries

High plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

High plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

High plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

High plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

Ventilation of high plastic walk-in tunnels in Anamur (2005)

Camarosa strawberries in punnets (February, 2005)

Raspberry production in the second year under shading

Heritage

Holland Dwarf

Thornless Blackberry grown in subtropical area of TURKEY

Thornless Blackberry grown in subtropical area of TURKEY

Thornless Blackberry grown in subtropical area of TURKEY

Thornless Blackberry grown in subtropical area of TURKEY