Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution Evolution Foldable You will be getting seven pieces of paper as part of your foldable and one to help you assemble the foldable. Color each Title box a different color. Then fold all seven pages not the title page in half bring the bottom up right under the title box.

On each flap you should see: Modern Theory of Evolution Origins of Evolution Natural Selection & Types Influences of Evolution Patterns of Evolution & Speciation Evidences of Evolution Evidences continued…

1. Modern Theory of Evolution Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

(Inside) On Top Half of 1st Flap : Use the following slides to answer the questions EVOLUTION What is Evolution? What is Natural Selection? Why makes certain individuals more able to survive? How does Natural Selection work?

The change in populations over time. What is evolution? The change in populations over time.

Insights into why only certain individuals survive… Traits vary among populations; these traits are inherited Breeding with others that had desirable traits produced offspring with these traits

What is natural selection? Mechanism of change in populations over time

The process of natural selection… Occurs when organism with favorable variations survive, reproduce, and pass on their variations to the next generation Without these variations, organism is less likely to survive Each new generation thus consists largely of offspring with variations aiding their survival

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 1st Flap: Who is Darwin? Who is Malthus?

Who is Charles Darwin? English scientist/naturalist whose ideas provide foundation for the theory of evolution by natural selection Sailed on HMS Beagle for 5 years studying and collecting biological and fossil specimens

Major Ports of Call… Galapagos Islands Location: Near equator, 1000km off west coast of S. America What he studied: many species of animals and plants unique to the island, but are similar elsewhere Major findings: Observations led to his consideration that species change over time

Darwin’s book… 1859, The Origin of Species Detailed account on his ideas and theories that support evolution

Darwin’s Hypothesis… Artificial Selection- breeding organism with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits There is force in nature that works like artificial selection

Thomas Malthus Proposed idea that human populations grow faster than Earth’s food supply

How Malthus affected Darwin’s ideas… Realized organisms struggle to compete in changing environments. Many types of competition exist: Food and space Escaping predators Location of shelter

2. Origins of Evolution Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

(Inside) On Top Half of 2nd Flap : BIOGENSIS SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

Spontaneous Generation Theory states that non-living matter produces life Disproved by Redi’s Experiment “Life does not just appear, it comes from other living things”

Biogenesis Theory that living things come from other living things Proven by Pasteur’s experiment

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 2nd Flap : Paste/Tape pictures from the cut outs page

3. Natural Selection Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

(Inside) On Top Half of 3rd Flap : NATURAL SELECTION What is Natural Selection? How does it occur? What are the types of Natural Selection? Picture

Natural Selection What is it? Change in an allele over a period of time How does it occur? Occurs in populations! Evolution can not occur in a single individual

Types of Natural Selection are: Stabilizing Directional Disruptive Example: Bird Beak Size in the Galapagos Islands

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 3rd Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: A) mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction B) Mode of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes, selects against extreme values of the character and favors the intermediate variants C) extreme values for a trait are favored; the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups

4. Influences of Evolution Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

(Inside) On Top Half of 4th Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: Genetic Equilibrium Defined as the frequency of alleles that remains the same over generations Evolution only occurs when alleles are not in equilibrium Label the picture that shows “genetic equilibrium” Mutations Any change in DNA Causing individuals in a population to express a new phenotype

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 4th Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: Gene Flow also called migration addition of genes into a population alters allelic frequencies Genetic Drift random events remove genes from a population gene frequencies in a population change

5. Patterns of Evolution & Speciation Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

(Inside) On Top Half of 5th Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: Divergent Evolution Species that evolve to be different even though they come from a common ancestor Convergent Evolution Species that evolve to be similar to each other For example: they have similar structures

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 5th Flap write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: Speciation a lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species

6. Evidences of Evolution Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

(Inside) On Top Half of 6th Flap write: Evidences of Evolution Adaptations- structural and physiological Fossil Evidence Anatomical Evidence Embryology Biochemistry Why? Variation that aids an organisms chances of survival in its environment Develop in a species over many generations

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 6th Flap write: Structural Adaptations Teeth and Claws Protect against predators Mimicry Enables one species to resemble another Camouflage Enables species to blend with surroundings Physiological Adaptations What are they? Changes in organism’s metabolic processes Example: After years of exposure to specific pesticides, insects and weeds have become resistant

7. Evidences Continued Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.

(Inside) On Top Half of 7th Flap write: Anatomical Evidence Homologous Structures- common evolutionary origin 2. Analogous Structures- no common origin, but similar in function Fossil Evidence Indirect source Provide record of early life As record becomes more complete, the sequence of evolution is clearer

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 7th Flap write: Embryological Evidence Similarities in development before birth Anatomical Evidence Vestigial- body structure in present day organism that no longer serves original purpose Biochemical Evidence All organisms share DNA, ATP and many enzymes among their biochemical molecules