The Respiratory System

Why is breathing important to staying alive? You can only live for a few minutes without air. We need air to survive, because it contains oxygen. Oxygen is a gas which our bodies need to maintain life. You can only live for a few minutes without air. We need air to survive, because it contains oxygen. Oxygen is a gas which our bodies need to maintain life.

What does smoking do to your respiratory system? Smoking can cause many problems in your respiratory system. Bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer can be caused by smoking. Also, smoking can destroy your alveoli. Smoking can cause many problems in your respiratory system. Bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer can be caused by smoking. Also, smoking can destroy your alveoli.

What is the Respiratory System? It controls all of your breathing. It controls all of your breathing. Consists of organs that provide the body with continuous supply of oxygen and remove all carbon dioxide from body. Consists of organs that provide the body with continuous supply of oxygen and remove all carbon dioxide from body. Lungs are most important organs Lungs are most important organs

Parts of Respiratory System Mouth and nose - air enters through them Mouth and nose - air enters through them Epiglottis –flap of tissue that closes over trachea when you swallow Epiglottis –flap of tissue that closes over trachea when you swallow Larynx –contains vocal cords Larynx –contains vocal cords Bronchi –passageways for air to enter the lungs. Bronchi –passageways for air to enter the lungs. Throat(Pharynx)- Two passageways. One for air, and one for food Throat(Pharynx)- Two passageways. One for air, and one for food Trachea –directs air to lungs Trachea –directs air to lungs Lungs –oxygen is transferred into blood and carbon dioxide is taken away Lungs –oxygen is transferred into blood and carbon dioxide is taken away Diaphragm –Large dome-shaped muscle that separates lungs from abdomen. Diaphragm –Large dome-shaped muscle that separates lungs from abdomen. Alveoli –Clusters of microscopic air sacs in lungs. Sacs at ends of smallest branches of bronchi. Alveoli –Clusters of microscopic air sacs in lungs. Sacs at ends of smallest branches of bronchi.

The Diaphragm The diaphragm moves up and down to make room for the expanding lungs. The diaphragm moves up and down to make room for the expanding lungs. When you inhale your diaphragm contracts and moves down. Your ribs move up and out to increase the size of your chest cavity. Air enters mouth and goes to the lungs. When you inhale your diaphragm contracts and moves down. Your ribs move up and out to increase the size of your chest cavity. Air enters mouth and goes to the lungs.

The Mouth and Nose Air enters through the nose and mouth which are aligned with mucous membranes. Fine hairs called cilia trap dirt.

The epiglottis The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that closes over the trachea when you swallow.

The larynx The larynx contains the vocal cords.

The bronchi The bronchi are passages through which air enters the lungs.

The throat The throat has 2 passage ways, one for air and one for food and liquid. The throat has 2 passage ways, one for air and one for food and liquid.

The trachea Directs air to the lungs, also known as the ‘wind pipe’. Directs air to the lungs, also known as the ‘wind pipe’.

The lungs Oxygen is transferred into the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.

How does Respiratory System Work? Two important jobs Two important jobs 1.Supplies oxygen to blood –Oxygen carried to all cells in body –Combines with nutrients to provide energy 2.Removes carbon dioxide from blood --Releases it outside body

How does breathing work? Two actions-inhaling and exhaling Two actions-inhaling and exhalingInhaling -Bring in air from outside through nose and mouth -Diaphragm contracts and moves down - Ribs move out and up increasing size of chest cavity Exhaling -Contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen than air you inhale -Release air to outside and carbon dioxide -Diaphragm relaxes and moves up into chest cavity -Ribs move in and down making chest cavity smaller

Lungs Consist of microscopic air sacs called alveoli Consist of microscopic air sacs called alveoli In alveoli carbon dioxide and oxygen is exchanged In alveoli carbon dioxide and oxygen is exchanged Oxygen goes into blood and carbon dioxide is taken away Oxygen goes into blood and carbon dioxide is taken away

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with circulatory and respiratory system Pulmonary arteries and capillaries (circulatory system) take blood containing carbon dioxide from heart to lungs Pulmonary arteries and capillaries (circulatory system) take blood containing carbon dioxide from heart to lungs Carbon dioxide passes from blood to alveoli Carbon dioxide passes from blood to alveoli In alveoli it’s exchanged for oxygen In alveoli it’s exchanged for oxygen Oxygen passes into capillaries Oxygen passes into capillaries Picked up by blood and carried back to heart through pulmonary veins (circulatory) Picked up by blood and carried back to heart through pulmonary veins (circulatory)

Problems of Respiratory System Common site of infection Common site of infection Many germs enter nose and mouth Many germs enter nose and mouth

Diseases or Disorders Flu/cold- caused by virus; cough, runny nose, aches, fever Flu/cold- caused by virus; cough, runny nose, aches, fever Tuberculosis-bacterial lung infection. Dry cough earlier, then chest pains Tuberculosis-bacterial lung infection. Dry cough earlier, then chest pains Allergies-Caused by reaction to substances Allergies-Caused by reaction to substances Pneumonia-Lung infection by bacteria or virus Pneumonia-Lung infection by bacteria or virus Bed rest and fluids Flu vaccine prevents some kinds Bed rest and fluids Flu vaccine prevents some kinds Medication Medication Antihistamines may relieve symptoms. Avoid substances Antihistamines may relieve symptoms. Avoid substances Antibiotics for bacterial kind; bed rest for viral kind Antibiotics for bacterial kind; bed rest for viral kind

Diseases or Disorders Bronchitis-swelling of bronchi due to infection Bronchitis-swelling of bronchi due to infection Asthma-Bronchial swelling and blockage Asthma-Bronchial swelling and blockage Emphysema-Alveoli destroyed difficult to breath, fatal Emphysema-Alveoli destroyed difficult to breath, fatal Lung Cancer-Alveoli destroyed. Caused by smoking Lung Cancer-Alveoli destroyed. Caused by smoking No cure. After time symptoms disappear. No cure. After time symptoms disappear. No cure. Medications reduce swelling No cure. Medications reduce swelling No cure. Pure oxygen eases breathing No cure. Pure oxygen eases breathing Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy. Low survival rate. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy. Low survival rate.