Terrain and Traffic Collision Avoidance System T 2 CAS - The second generation TAWS

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3 THALES MARS SIMULATION Avionics function FM, Taxi, TAWS, TCAS.. Aircraft Model Environment dB server Traffic gene. Atmo. Gene. Ground ATC position Airport operationAOC* position ATC position consists of an EUROCAT station Unique Market Position to integrate Air and Ground solutions

4 THALES Aerospace: brief history JAEGER BADIN CROUZET SFENA EAS THOMSON-CSF/AVG SEXTANT AVIONIQUE 1989 THOMSON-CSF SEXTANT 1999 L-3 Communications (JV)ACSS VDO+BGT (JV) Diehl Avionik Systeme GmbH Racal Thales Avionics Ltd Thales Avionics- Inflight Systems Auxilec Thales Avionics Electrical Systems MORS Thales Aerospace Division 2004 THALES Airborne Systems B/E Aerospace

5 What is T²CAS? TCAS 2000 = Proven Second Generation TCAS system with over 9000 units flying Certified TAWS: GCAM = second generation TAWS Enhanced TAWS and Proven TCAS combined  Reduced LRU count  Second generation TAWS :  Performance based Sensors  Enhanced Landing Protection  Lower cost of ownership

6 Performance Based Clearance Sensors Digital Terrain Database WARNING 8 Sec. 112 s GPS CAUTION 20 Sec. Respond Climb Capability React 112 s At all time … The short-term segment of the clearance sensor models what the aircraft is currently doing: True current flight path angle The long-term segment of the clearance sensor models what the aircraft could do if an alert were to occur: Actual climb performance As compared to conventional clearance sensors, this allows a longer clearance sensor to be built without generating nuisance alerts. Performance Based Alerts, enhancing safety

7 T 2 CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview Figure 1 TAWS Convergence Envelope: Inhibition When Landing Normally, Alerting Enabled When Outside of Normal Landing Area Runway 2.64 º 0.3 Nm 8º8º Inhibition Region Non - Inhibition Cross-section: The T 2 CAS provides CFIT (Controlled Flight Into Terrain) protection for all phases of flight, including the approach and landing phase. The Convergence Envelope (or “Landing Tunnel”) logic is designed to predict whether the aircraft is properly converging on the runway for a safe landing. If proper convergence is predicted, the forward-looking Collision Predicting and Alerting (CPA) function is inhibited (the reactive GPWS modes remain active throughout the landing procedure).

8 T 2 CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview The Convergence Envelope is NOT simply a volume of space within which CPA alerting is inhibited. The previous figure above (reproduced from the ACSS T 2 CAS Pilot’s Guide, Doc Rev 1) loosely illustrates the physical geometry of the Convergence Envelope in terms of: Distance from Runway Vertical Position Horizontal Position However, landing tunnel does also include these additional conditions: Track Angle Vertical Speed Flap and Gear Setting – one of the two must be down to inhibit Runway position accuracy is essential

9 T 2 CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview In summary, the T 2 CAS TAWS function inhibits CPA alerting during runway approaches as long as the following conditions are met: Aircraft is in Approach Phase Aircraft is in proper Landing Configuration Runway Convergence is predicted The CPA function can be re-enabled at any time if these conditions fail to remain satisfied. At this point the system will generate the appropriate alerts, should a CFIT potential exist. Runway 2.64 º 0.3 Nm Inhibition Region Non - Inhibition Alert Possible!

10 T 2 CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview If Runway Source Data is in error, nuisance alerts can result. Example of Runway Threshold Location Problem at ONE AIRPORT Which Causes a Misaligned Tunnel and Nuisance Alert Initial source data shows westward lateral shift of 0.5 Nm

11 T 2 CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview DB 20 Misaligned Tunnel Causes a Nuisance Alert to be Indicated DB20 Runway Threshold is defined to the left of the actual runway. The Aircraft Exits the Horizontal Landing Tunnel and an alert is indicated via CPA sensor contacting the “terrain” of the runway. XX.91 XX.89 XX.87 XX.85 XX.83 XX.81 XX.79 XX5.79 XX5.84 XX5.89 XX5.94 XX5.99

12 T 2 CAS Runway Convergence Envelope Overview DB 21 Corrects the Runway Location which Aligns the Tunnel. No Nuisance Alert Is Indicated. DB21 Corrects the runway Threshold location. The Aircraft does not Exit the Horizontal Landing Tunnel and an alert is NOT indicated. XX.91 XX.89 XX.87 XX.85 XX.83 XX.81 XX.79 XX5.79 XX5.84 XX5.89 XX5.94 XX5.99 Runway position accuracy is essential

13 GPS Caution - Aural Alert Pull-Up - Aural Warning WARNING CAUTION 112Seconds112Seconds C urrent Climb Capability of Aircraft Full Descent / Climb Path Protection Terrain Adv. Line Advisory added to Display Terrain Advisory Line – Advisory New ‘AVOID’ when PULL-UP is NOT Enough ‘AVOID’ when PULL-UP is NOT Enough Avoid - Aural Warning New Expanded Look when Entering Turns Expanded Look when Entering Turns 4-D Approach Projection for Landing 4-D Approach Projection for Landing A broader Alert sequence to avoid accidents

T 2 CAS Airport and Terrain Database Database Development Process

15 Database Development Process AIS EAG THAV ACSS End-user Civil Aviation Authorities Terrain Data Providers Terrain Data Nav Data Combined Data

16 Terrain Data Source data comes from Official Terrain Data Providers US Geological Survey National Imaging and Mapping Agency Shuttle Radar Topographical Mission (SRTM) Data Etc. Advanced InfoData Systems, GmbH (AIS) compiles the data Per DO-200a process AIS Terrain Data Providers Terrain Data

17 Airport and Runway Data Source data comes from Official State Agencies FAA/NACO JAA Etc. European Aeronautical Group (EAG) Generates an ARINC 424 database Per DO-200a process EAG Civil Aviation Authorities Nav Data

18 Combined Data Thales Avionics performs verification and validation of the data, filters the airport data, and merges Terrain and Airport Data into a single file Per DO-200a process Calculates 32bit CRC for integrity checking ACSS attaches a file header and distributes the data to customers THAV End- user Combined Data ACSS