ELECTRONICS AND POWER ELECTRONICS Nisha Kondrath Assistant Professor Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Duluth

B ACKGROUND Education Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 2010 Master of Science in Engineering Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 2005 Bachelor of Technology in Electrical & Electronics Engineering Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, 2002 Teaching and Research Experience Electronics Power electronics VLSI systems Control systems RF systems Power magnetics

Q UOTES FROM IEEE JOURNALS We now live in a truly global society. In the highly automated industrial front with economic competitiveness of nations, in future, two technologies will dominate: Computers and Power Electronics. The former providing intelligence as to “what to do” The latter providing “the means to do it” Computers: Household item Power Electronics: Household item?

Q UOTES FROM IEEE JOURNALS “Modern computers, communication, and electronic systems get their life blood from power electronics” Power electronics technology encompasses the effective use of electronic components, the application of circuit theory and design techniques, and the development of analytical tools toward efficient electronic conversion, control, and conditioning of electric power. Power electronics is an enabling technology

W HY P OWER E LECTRONICS ? Electrical energy efficiency 65 % power loss in the production end – in turbines Only 16 % is left at the consumption end For every 100 kW input fuel energy, we get kW of output energy. For every 1 kW of power saved at the consumer end save about 6 kW of power at the production end. Maximum power consumption is in: Induction machines: fan, pump, compressor Lighting

W HY P OWER E LECTRONICS ? Sources of energy: 87 % from fossil fuel 6 % from nuclear Remaining 7 % from renewable sources: solar, wind etc. At the present rate, by the end of 22 nd century, non-renewable energy sources will be depleted. Solution: Efficient use of available electrical energy Improve the conversion efficiency Improve the percentage of renewable energy

W HY P OWER E LECTRONICS ? High Efficiency Usually consists of switching devices: Results in less power loss in individual components. Smaller size Switching components enable high operating frequency Smaller magnetic components Cheaper

D EFINITION OF P OWER E LECTRONICS Power electronics is the technology associated with efficient conversion, control, and storage of electric power by power semiconductor devices. Power semiconductor devices are the heart of power electronics Common terminologies Power electronics Power conversion Power management Power processing

P OWER E LECTRONICS Used wherever there is a need to modify one form of electrical energy into another. Voltage, current, or frequency Power levels range from some milliwatts (mW) to hundreds of megawatts (MW) Mobile phones to HVDC transmission systems Unlike regular electronic systems, which carry signals, power electronic systems carry power. Focus on efficiency Power Electronics SourceLoad Control

P OWER C ONVERTERS Rectifiers: ac-dc converters Power supplies connected to the mains. Choppers: dc-dc converters Mobile devices such as mobile phones, PDA etc. Electronic isolation Power factor correction Inverters: dc-ac converters UPS (Uninterrupted power supply) Emergency lighting system Cycloconverters: ac-ac converters International power adapters

A PPLICATIONS Power transmission and distribution Computers Consumer electronics Automotive electronics Military electronics Medical equipments Space applications Communication systems Industrial electronics

H OW TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL P OWER E LECTRONICS E NGINEER ? Bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering (with major emphasis on basic electronics) Successfully complete basic electronic courses to lay the foundation along with practical training from the industry (Get internships!!!). Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering (with major emphasis on power electronics) Use the basis from the bachelor’s degree to learn advanced courses. Get introduced to the research aspects of the field. Ph.D in power electronics

C AREER O PTIONS Interdisciplinary areas: PE + Control systems PE + Device Physics PE + Electromagnetics PE + Communications PE + VLSI + MEMS PE + Robotics PE + Automotive PE + Renewable/Altenative energy.

C AREER O PTIONS In the United States, about 25 of Fortune 100 companies engage in PE Global industries GE, IBM, Texas Instruments… Small-scale industries Tennant Companies, McKinley Group.. Local companies 3M, Nycor, IR (Ingersoll Rand), … National Research Institutes WPAFB, NASA Glenn Research, Oak Ridge National Labs, Sandia National Labs…. Academics Professional Engineer, Professor, Research Associate…. Self Employment Sales, Distribution, Application Engineer for Power Electronic Devices and Equipments…

Q UESTIONS ???

T HANK Y OU A ND G OOD L UCK !