Chapter 4 Narrative Form

Diegetic A term used for any narrative, sound, or visual element not contained in the story world. (Ex: credits, score) Non- Diegetic A term used for any narrative, sound, or visual element contained in the imagined world of the story- (Characters see or hear it)

Running time/Screen time The length in minutes for a film to play in it’s entirety. Point of Attack The first event the audience sees in the film

Fabula A chronological and complete account of all the events in a narrative. (the story) Syuzhet The selection and ordering of narrative events presented in a film.

Chapter 5-7 Mise En Scene Cinematography Editing

Chapter 5 Mise en Scene

Mise En Scene Definition: Integrated design of a film composed of: – Setting – Human Figure – Lighting – Composition

Setting Establish time and place Introduce themes & ideas Create mood Three ways to create setting: On location Soundstage CGI

Human Figure Casting Figure Placement & Movement Costumes & Props Makeup

Typecasting: The practice of repeatedly casting actors in similar roles across different films Method Acting: A style of stage acting developed from the teachings of Stanislavski which trains actors to get into character through the use of emotional memory.

Figure Placement /Movement: Two Planes – Foreground/Background – High /Low Dominance: Foreground, higher Oppression/Submission : Background, Lower Same plane = equitable relationship

Composition Balance & Symmetry – Balanced symmetrical shots Imply harmony & order – Imbalanced or asymmetrical shots suggest lack of equilibrium Lines & Diagonals – Diagonal = Anxiety (Visually strongest of the three) – Vertical = Strength (2 nd strongest impact) – Horizontal= Peace (3 rd )

Composition Framing – Loose: Figures have a lot of space in the shot; Implies freedom or isolation – Tight: Lack of space around figure contributes to sense of constriction. Implies entrapment or intimacy. Foreground & Background Light & Dark Color – Saturated – strong & vivid – Desaturated – less pure- contain more white, washed out

Chapter 6 – Cinematography Cinematography Camerawork Lenses & filters Film stock Special visual effects

Scene Coherent narrative unit of shots Has a beginning middle and end

Storyboard Series of drawings that lays out the film sequentially

Take A single uninterrupted series of frames exposed by a motion picture or camera between the time it is turned on and the time it is turned off. Filmmakers shoot several takes, the one that is best is used.

Long take Uninterrupted shot of more than one minute

Slow Motion Recording images at a speed faster than the rate at which it is projected Fast Motion Recording images at a rate slower than the speed of projection

Frozen time moment Visual effect that seems to stop time and allows the viewer to travel around the subject and view it from a multitude of vantage points Combines photography and digital techniques

Camera Movement Pan- The horizontal turning motion of a fixed camera Swish Pan – A pan executed so quickly it blurs – usually shows rapid activity or the passage of time

Tilt – A vertical up and down motion of a fixed camera Tracking shot – A technique of moving the camera on a dolly along a specially made track. Often trace character movement laterally across the frame.

Crane shot - A shot taken from a camera mounted on a crane that moves three dimensionally in space Arial shot – A shot taken from an airplane or helicopter Handheld shots – Manually held camera shots, usually shaky Steadicam – Device worn by camera operator allowing camera to glide smoothly into spaces unreachable by camera mounted to crane or other apparatus

Rack focus – A change of focus from one plane of depth to another. As the in focus subject goes out of focus, the other subject which had been blurry goes into focus. Trombone shot-A shot where the camera tracks in toward the subject while the lens zooms out.

Chapter 7 Editing Collage Tempo Timing

Graphic Match: A shot transition that emphasizes the visual similarities between two consecutive shots

Transitions Fade in Fade Out Dissolve Wipe Iris in Iris Out

Montage Sequence A series of related scenes joined through editing that indicates the passage of time

Parallel Editing A technique of cutting back and forth between action occurring in two different locations, which often creates the illusion that they are happening simultaneously. Also called “cross cutting”

Tableau Shot A long shot in which the film frame resembles the proscenium arch of the stage, distancing the viewer. The Great Train Robbery

Shot/reverse shot A standard shot pattern that dictates that a shot of one character will be followed by a shot of another character, taken from the reverse angle of the first shot

Eyeline Match An editing technique using a character’s line of vision as motivation for a cut. preserves spatial continuity

Cutaway A shot that focuses audience attention on precise details that may or may not be the focus of the characters

Establishing Shot In standard filming- The first shot. The purpose is to provide a clear representation of the location of the action Reestablishing shot: A shot that happens during or near the end of a scene and reorients viewers to the setting