The word " war " is from the Frankish- German word "werra", which means confusion, discord, or strife.

Possible Causes of War Lack of tolerance Territorial disputes Disagreement Differences Conflicts - can caused by competition for resources, extreme abuse of human rights, desire of leaders to stay in power, narrow or extreme nationalism, and sympathy for kin across borders. Misunderstanding Etc.,

 Massive death  Massacres  Tortures  Disappearance  Sexual violence  Executions  Assasinations  Bombing  Kidnapping  Etc.,

“If war begin in the minds of men, then it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed” – UNESCO Humans should understand that waging war is a choice, not a manifest destiny.

Peace education programs include the teaching of the theories of nonviolence and the practice of nonviolent direct action. Examples of Nonviolent Direct Action Nonviolent Protest and Persuasion - seeks to produce awareness of the dissent  Petitions  Banners, posters  Lobbying  Haunting officials  Singing  Marches  Prayer rallies  Mock funerals  Vigils

1.2 billion live on less than $1/day million people are undernourished; 114 million primary age children are not enrolled; and 1.2 billion have no access to improved water sources. 30, 000 children age 5 and below die each day due to poverty

 War and armed conflicts  Environmental conditions  Lack of opportunities such as employment  Lack of education  Corruption  Over consumption  Greed

Global  Establish a new international and political economic order that is fair  Wealthy countries should open up their markets to poor countries w/out conditionality  Reduce military expenditures so that more resources would be made available.

National  A genuine and comprehensive agrarian reform program should be implemented  Government should increase subsidy for education which helps even the playing field  Government should provide training skills programs such as livelihood & marketing programs  Rural infrastructure, such as farm to market roads and drying facilities for harvest, should be developed.

Conflict from the Latin word conflictus which means striking together with force. Conflicts arises because of.. ethnic religious animosities ideological & power struggles social injustice search for statehood contests over economic resources

Conflicts may be caused..  misunderstanding & miscommunications  unmet expectations  incompatibility of ideas  opinions and beliefs  values  goals  interests  distrust  competition over material resources  desire for revenge

Ways to change the form of our anger: Distance yourself from the situation Release anger physically in indirect forms Use relaxation techniques Calm your mind – talk to yourself Apply therapeutic techniques Turn to spiritual support Use social Support Redirect energy Cry it out

Allow expression. Listen. Do not counter-attack Stand in the shoe of the other Help him/her to calm down Paraphrase/Clarify Explain your situation Look into options together

- characterized by affirmation, cooperation, communication, appreciation for diversity, appropriate expression of feelings and peaceful conflict resolution.

Ways To Create The Atmosphere Of Love And Acceptance In The Classroom  Declare your classroom a zone of peace and establish rules to achieve it.  As the teacher, let this peace begin with you.  Affirm your student  Express feelings appropriately & encourage student to do so.  Encourage respect for and acceptance of differences.  Employ more cooperative than competitive activities.  Teach students how to resolve conflicts peacefully & constructively  Practice students skills of communication.

 Discussion  Pair Share  Visualization/Imagination Exercise  Role-playing  Problem solving  Web-charting  Telling stories  Interviews/Research  Expert Resources  Use of Film & Photograph  Use of globes and map  Brainstorming  Reading quotations  Charts & Graphs  Collage-making  Show and Tell  Dialogues  Case Studies

 The teacher of peace is a responsible global citizens  S/he is motivated by service and is actively involved in the community  S/he is both a transmitter and transformer of cultures  S/he is a seeker of mutually enhancing relationships  S/he is gender sensitive and alert to any possibility of gender bias in self or students.  S/he is an inquirer.  A teacher of peace inspires understanding of alternative possibilities for the future and for a culture of peace.

So.. That’s all!! Thanks for listening!!