 Standard plain films: supine AP erect AP Lt. lateral decubitus

 gas pattern :intraluminal, intramural  Exrtraluminal gas  Soft tissue masses  Calcification

1. What segment ? 2. The caliber ? 3. The most distal point ? 4. The gut mucosa ? 5. Air - fluid levels ?

 The stomach:  Location  Pattern  fluid level

Small bowel  Caliber  Location  Pattern  fluid levels

 Large bowel  Caliber  Location  Pattern  fluid levels

 The Location  Assessment of mucosal pattern : 1. Plicae circularis 2. Colonic haustra  Number of loops  Lower ileum & sigmoid colon ??

 Usually seen in erect position  Stomach  Duodenum  Small bowel  Large bowel

 Mechanical obstruction  Paralytic ileus  Acute ischemia  Inflammatory bowel disease

-Causes : -Features:

-Causes : -Features:

 Causes :  Features of dilated large & small bowel  Gas is seen within the rectum

 Causes :  Features

 Sigmoid volvulus :

 Causes  Features  Barium enema is CONTRAINDICATED

 ERECT FILMS, additional views  Causes  Features

 Pneumatosis

 Bowel wall ischaemia

 Assess :  the location (two views),  the pattern  the shape  Common calcifications

 Rim like  Linear  Lamellar  Cloudy

 Causes

 In normal subject 1. Lateral & inferior edge of liver 2. Spleen 3. Both kidneys 4. Psoas muscles 5. UB 6. Uterine indentation