Contraceptives

Barriers – male condom Latex best or polyurethane Goes over ERECT penis before makes contact with the VAGINA Captures sperm ADVANTAGES: protect against many STDs including HIV/AIDS Inexpensive Available without prescription DISADVANTAGES: Careful handling & timing necessary May reduce sensation for both Some people may be allergic to latex

MALE CONDOM REMEMBER: Check expiry date Check packet is not damaged Use ONLY water based lubricants Do not use OIL based lubricants Keep condoms in dry cool place Do not flush down toilet Leave space for sperm in the tip (but no air bubbles) Air bubbles can cause the condom to tear USE a new condom for every NEW round!!!

Barriers – female condom Held in place by 2 flexible rings Lines the Vagina Inserted into vagina before physical contact End rings covers cervix Open ring remains outside vagina Made of polyurethane ADVANTAGES: Inexpensive & available without prescription Helps protect against MANY STDs including HIV/AIDs Does not need an erection to keep in position Both water & oil based lubricants can be used

Female condom DISADVANTAGES: Must be inserted before intercourse Cannot be used with a male condom May reduce sensation or cause irritation for one or both partners Should not be used by people with polyurethane allergy

Cervical cap & Diaphragm (with spermicide) Deep silicone cup shaped like sailors cap Fits around cervix Healthcare professional must determine size Cap must be coated with spermicide prior to intercourse After intercourse should be left inside for at least 6 hrs Should not be worn for longer than 48hrs

Cervical cap & Diaphragm (with spermicide) ADVANTAGES: A cervical cap or diaphragm are comfortable DISADVANTAGES: Must be inserted before intercourse Must be a proper fit to be effective Less effective in women who have already given birth Diaphragm increases risk of bladder infection Weight gain and loss can effect the fit of diaphram Less effective as vagina and cervix are stretched during childbirth

Contraceptive sponge Soft & disposable sponge made from polyurethane foam Covers cervix Blocks sperm & also releases spermicide Protection from pregnancy begins once inserted Lasts up to 24hrs Needs to be left in place for 6hrs post intercourse Not to be worn more 30hrs

Contraceptive sponge ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES: Comfortable & available without prescription DISADVANTAGES: Must be inserted before intercourse Some women experience vaginal irritation Difficulty in removal Allergic reactions

Spermicide Chemical inserted deep into vagina Before intercourse to block & kill sperm Comes in many forms – including foams, creams, tablets, gels, suppositories, films More effective when used with other forms of protection

STAND UP TURN AROUND & Stretch!!!

????????????????????????????????? OUT OF ALL THE CONTRACETIVES DISCUSSED SO FAR WHICH ONE DO YOU THINK IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING PREGNANCY?

Answer… Male CONDOM about 87% Cervical Cap (with spermicide) 85% (females who have not given birth) DIAPHRAGM 82% FEMALE condom 79% Spermicide 72%

Hormonal contraceptives TWO TYPES: Progestin & Estrogen Progestin only 1) PROGESTIN & ESTROGEN Combination pill Hormonal ring Hormonal patch 2) PROGESTIN only Progestin only pill Hormonal injection Implanon Progestin & Estrogen hormones released

Basics of hormonal contraceptives Pill Taken orally Releases consistent dose of hormones Stops egg release Hormones makes body think it has released an egg so mimics reaction Women still has menstrual cycle Hormonal Ring Small flexible ring placed in vagina Removed after 3 weeks (out for one week) then replaced

Basics of hormonal contraceptives Hormonal Patch thin plastic patch attaches to skin Worn for 3 weeks (new one each week) DISADVANTAGES OF ALL: May increase risk of blood clots, stroke, heart attack or high blood pressure May cause bleeding between periods, change in weight, depression, breast tenderness…. IT influences your hormones so different effects for different people!!!!

Basics of hormonal contraceptives Hormonal injection Every 12 weeks by professional Can cause bone loss Implanon Size of a matchstick Flexible plastic rod Inserts into skin in upper arm Can be used up to 3 years

DO YOU THINK THE HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES ARE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN THE BARRIERS IN PREVENTING PREGNANCY?

Hormonal more effective YES!!! Hormonal Injection 98% Both types Pill 92%

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES Hormonal IUD Copper IUD Inserted by professional into uterus Small plastic device containing hormones Some can be left in place for 5yrs Women in LT faithful relationships Copper IUD As above for insertion Prevents sperm fertilizing egg 10 yrs Increases chance of ectopic pregnancy

FINAL points…. IUD are the most effective method of preventing pregnancy with 99% success rate However with all of these you need to seek professional advice Different people’s bodies react differently to all forms of contraceptives The type of relationship you are in can determine the contraceptive choices you make

FULL PROOF METHOD to avoid pregnancy - STERILISATION FEMALE – surgical & non-surgical Techniques to close the fallopian tubes Permanent protection from pregnancy Once results confirmed no other birth control is needed Generally irreversible MALE – surgical Vasectomy Vas deferens tube carries sperm is blocked Once results confirmed no other birth control needed

Typical Use

PERFECT USE

WHAT ABOUT STDs????? Most of these methods will NOT prevent STDs unless used in combination with a CONDOM. Most of these methods are NOT recommended unless you are in a LONG TERM, SAFE and FAITHFUL relationship

APOLOGIES FOR THE Death by powerpoint!!!!