Introduction to Anatomy

Purpose of Anatomy Foundation of many healthcare professions ATC must have excellent understanding of anatomy What structures have been injured What constitutes normal movement

Anatomical Position Improves communication between healthcare professionals  standard body alignment Erect stance, arms at side, palms facing forward

Planes of the Body Frontal plane: vertical plane, divides body into front & back halves Sagittal plane: vertical plane, divides body into left & right sides Transverse plane: horizontal plane, divides body into upper & lower parts

Common Medical Terms of Location Anterior: towards the front Posterior: towards the back Medial: toward the midline Lateral: away from the midline Proximal: towards an attachment (shoulder or hip) Distal: away from an attachment Superior: above another point Inferior: below another point

Movements Flexion: bending of joint (↓ angle between 2 bones) Extension: straightening of joint (↑ angle between 2 bones) Hyperextension: extending beyond normal range of motion

Movements—con’t Abduction: limb moves away from midline Adduction: limb moves toward midline

Movements—con’t Rotation: bone moves on axis, toward or away from the body Circumduction: limb moves in circular path around axis Rotation Circumduction

Movements—con’t Supination: turning palm upward; raising medial margin of foot Pronation: turning palm downward; lowering medial margin of foot

Movements—con’t Plantarflexion: extends the foot, toes pointing down Dorsiflexion: flexes the foot, toes pointing up

Movements—con’t Inversion: turns sole of the foot inward Eversion: turns sole of the foot outward

Movements—con’t Protraction: body part glides forward (shoulder, jaw) Retraction: body part glides backward Protraction Retraction

Movements—con’t Elevation: lifting body part upward (shoulders) Depression: lowering body part downward Depression Elevation

Movements—con’t Opposition: movement of the thumb to touch each finger

Axis of Rotation ALL movements occur around an axis of rotation Each plane has an axis that runs perpendicular to the plane