Research CitationResearch Citation

C ITATION A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source.

C ITATION I NVOLVES … Documenting information Giving credit to sources Listing sources used Providing “backup”

C ITATION MEANS … ATTRIBUTION To attribute: (v.) to regard [information in your paper] as - belonging (to), - produced (by), or - resulting (from)

W HY IS CITATION USEFUL TO THE READER OF RESEARCH ? To check up on the writer if the text seems unreliable To do further reading if the topic is of interest To find more sources for an assignment

W HY SHOULD I CITE ?? Because it is the only way to use other people’s work without PLAGIARIZING

O THER BENEFITS OF CITATION INCLUDE … It shows the amount of research you’ve done. It strengthens your work by lending outside support to your ideas.

W HEN DO I NEED TO CITE ? Whenever… – you use direct quotations – you paraphrase – you use an idea that someone else has already expressed – you make specific reference to the work of another – someone else’s work has been critical in developing your ideas.

Whenever what you are writing is considered common knowledge: – JFK was assassinated in Dallas, TX – The Declaration of Independence was signed July 4, 1776 – Smoking causes lung cancer W HEN DON’T I NEED TO CITE ?

W HAT DOES A C ITATION PROVIDE TO MY READER ? Citations give your readers the information necessary to find that source again… – author – title of work – name and location of publisher – date published – page numbers

W HAT TWO RESOURCES MUST I PROVIDE AS CITATION ? – Works Cited List aka bibliography Separate document from your research paper – In-text Citation Included in the body of your research paper The IN-TEXT CITATION provides a CROSS- REFERENCE to your WORKS CITED LIST.

H OW WILL CITE MY SOURCES ? Works Cited Lappé, Anna, and Frances Moore Lappé. "The Genius of Wangari Maathai." Mother Earth News Apr.-May 2005: MasterFILE Premier. Web. 27 Nov You will create a Works Cited page as an appendix to your research paper. Author (s) Title of Article Name of Publication Page #(s) Name of Database Publication Date Access date Medium

Using a parenthetical citation or a signal phrase. Parenthetical citation is a brief individual source reference in parentheses that appears in the body of the text as needed Signal phrase names the source (author or publication) within the body of the sentence containing borrowed material H OW DO I CITE IN THE TEXT OF MY PAPER ?

W HAT DOES A STANDARD P ARENTHETICAL C ITATION LOOK LIKE ? Wangari Maathai’s anti-deforestation Green Belt Movement grew from a 1977 Earth Day celebration of Kenya’s female environmental leaders. Maathai planted seven trees that day, and this small act led her to the notion that women of Kenyan villages could be recruited as tree planters (Lappé and Lappé 20).

W HAT DOES A S IGNAL P HRASE LOOK LIKE ? According to Lappé and Lappé, Wangari Maathai’s anti-deforestation Green Belt Movement grew from a 1977 Earth Day celebration of Kenya’s female environmental leaders. Maathai planted seven trees that day, and this small act led her to the notion that women of Kenyan villages could be recruited as tree planters (20).

More to Come!

W HAT DOES A STANDARD P ARENTHETICAL C ITATION LOOK LIKE ? Advances in prosthetic technology have enabled amputees to function like someone who hasn’t lost a limb. The C-leg’s hydraulic system recreates the motion of natural stepping through specialized sensors and microprocessors (Marriott A3).