Geospatial Digital Rights Management (GeoDRM) Graham Vowles OGC Technical Representative, Ordnance Survey, and Co-chair of OGC GeoDRM Working Group Workshop on Grid Middleware and Geospatial Standards for Earth System Science Data 6-8 September 2005 e-Science Institute, 15, South College Street, Edinburgh

Digital Rights Management (DRM) consists of a number of technical elements that should be balanced with initiatives in other areas to increase the protection DRM provides. DRM domains Technical SocialLegal Rights specification Encryption Authentication Packaging Accessibility Expectations Mores Education Legislation Compliance Investigation Enforcement Business Value proposition New business models Source: Robert Bolick, McGraw-Hill, 2001

On-demand service network Knowledge network Information network Technical network Business network GeoDRM is about rights enabling a network of geospatial services

GeoDRM Working Group Part of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) – where geospatial standards are defined GeoDRM Working Group – comprises content providers and technology providers Charter is not to invent new digital rights technologies but to reuse and extend for geospatial data and services Formed in June 2004 – Graham Vowles, Roland Wagner, Joe Cardinale Co-chairs Last meeting: June 13–16, St John’s, Newfoundland, Canada.

Ways of managing and protecting intellectual property Weak DRM Strong DRM no protection copyright statement click-through licence managed access watermarking encryption Today we rely on our legal framework and licence agreements to protect our intellectual property Our business is shifting so we need alternative ways to manage and protect our intellectual property

One to One: business to business One to Many: business to consumer Many to many: peer to peer Evolution of rights-managed business models Business Consumer Business ConsumerBusiness Consumer

Digital media DRM vs Geospatial DRM Digital media DRM Trade the rights to a discrete object. For example, the rights to listen to an audio file Business model is B2C and traditional supply chain. Limited number of parties involved in the transaction Similar in concept to buying property freehold No rights to resell or create derived works Static products Geospatial DRM Trade the rights to access a geospatial dataset for a given geographical space for a defined period of time Business model is B2B and networked. A number of intermediaries may be required, each playing a specific role within the GeoDRM network Similar in concept to renting a property or buying leasehold Possibly includes the rights to publishing derived works Dynamic services

Digital media DRM vs Geospatial DRM (part 2) Digital media DRM OwnerUser Licence create content consume content Extents of licence are ‘one-dimensional’ rights. Display, print, play and so on Geospatial DRM OwnerUser Licence create content consume content Extents of licence are ‘multi-dimensional’ rights and space and time and so on Intermediary

GeoDRM Licence extents Licencee Simplified view of the extents of a GeoDRM Licence: three dimensions of rights, space and time Time Rights Space

Imagine yourself transported into the GeoDRM universe No longer the normal three dimensions – but the intellectual property dimensions of rights, space and time… You are now an intellectual property magnate dealing in the rights to access information. A bit like rental agreements in the real world. You could directly license individual users to access blocks of intellectual property, or it may be easier to delegate licensing responsibility to intermediaries Licence management is the process of ensuring a user’s information request falls inside that user’s licence extents

GeoDRM Abstract Rights Model (ARM) Extents of intellectual property Owner End-User Licensing Agent Extents delegated to Licensing Agent Invalid request!Valid request Licencee Extents of licence

End-User Service Provider Content Request Licensing Agent Owner Licencee Payment Provider Delegates licensing policy Assigns licence Licence fee Payments Contract Assign Sub-licence Establish credentials Valid licence Delegates hosting GeoDRM – roles and responsibilities Delegates work Sub-Licencee Licence Manager

Licence fee End-User Service Provider Content Request Licensing Agent Owner Licencee Payment Provider Licence Manager GeoDRM – example business model Business ABusiness BBusiness C Assigns licence Valid licence Payments Sub- Licencee

GeoDRM WG programme 2005 September Chicago January New York April Frascati June St Johns Nov Bonn Jan TBD April TDB Demonstrator OWS Reference Model Project 1: GeoDRM.DemonstratorIdentify Project 2: GeoDRM.OWS3 Test bedDevelop Project 3: GeoDRM.Interoperability ExperimentConsistency Project 4: GeoDRM.Reference ModelDescribe Interop. Experi.

Thank you! Graham Vowles

UserService provider Content Request OwnerLicencee Delegates licensing policy Assigns licence Licence manager Delegates work Establish credentials Valid licence Delegates hosting GeoDRM game – interactive role playing Licensing Agent

Scenario 1: User accesses content (8 ) Towns Service provider Invalid request! Valid request User Extents delegated to user

Scenario 2: Integration of datasets by overlay Towns Roads Rivers Service provider   3 JJ 99 10  77 66 44 88 55 44 JJ 10  99 77 88 66 55 User Extents delegated to user

Scenario 3: Integration of datasets by mosaic – roaming? Roads Service provider   9 77 88 99 77 88 User Extents delegated to user

Scenario 4: Derived product – adding content Roads Service provider   8 7 99 77 88 88 99 77 Pubs 99 88 77 88 99 99 8 Derived product: Road map with pubs User 99 content 

GeoDRM WG proposed direction Environment B Environment A Information encoding: for example, GML, jpg… Data access service, for example, WMS,WFS… Company ACompany B Security service: for example, ‘WAAS’ eBusiness service: for example, WPOS Enhanced DRM : for example, watermarking GeoDRM WG service scope A series of rolling interoperability experiments, with each one building on the previous until a working test bed is developed

Knowledge Infrastructure Semantic Web Compute Infrastructure Grid Computing Software Infrastructure Web Services Customer Partner Ordnance Survey Technology vision or technology nightmare?