Respiratory System

Peter Colat, 38 – February 2010 A Swiss man has broken the world record for holding one's breath underwater -- staying down for 19 minutes, 21 seconds.

Respiratory System Lungs & Air passages Responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 4 – 6 minute supply of oxygen Includes: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and lungs

Nose 2 nostrils Nasal septum Nasal cavities –Lined with a mucous membrane –Rich blood supply –Air is warmed, filtered, and moistened

Nose Nasal cavities –Mucous helps trap pathogens and dirt –Cilia Tiny hairlike structures in nasal cavity Also trap dirt and pathogens as they enter nose so they can be pushed toward the esophagus and be swallowed –Olfactory receptors –Nasolacrimal ducts drain tears from the eye into the nose to provide additional moisture for the air

Sinuses Cavities in the skull around the nasal area Connected to the nasal cavity by short ducts Lined with mucous membrane that warms and moistens air Also provide resonance for the voice

Pharynx Lies directly behind the nasal cavities Three sections –Nasopharynx Upper section behind nose –Oropharynx Middle section behind oral cavity –Laryngopharynx bottom section Branches to esophagus & trachea

Larynx Voice box (Adam's apple) Lies between the pharynx and trachea Vocal cords –Opening between cords is called the glottis –Vocal cords vibrate and produce sound –Tongue and lips act on the sound to produce speech

Epiglottis Special piece of cartilage Leaf like structure that closes the opening into the larynx during swallowing Prevents food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract

Trachea Tube carries air between the pharynx and bronchi Series of c-shaped cartilage

Bronchi Two divisions of the trachea near the center of the chest Each bronchus enters a lung Smaller branches are called bronchioles End in air sacs called alveoli

Alveoli Air sacs –500 million alveoli –Contain rich network of blood capillaries –Inner surface of alveoli are covered with surfactant Lipid or fatty substance Helps prevent alveoli from collapsing

Lungs Organs that contain divisions of the bronchi and alveoli Right lung has three sections or lobes Left lung has only two lobes Pleura is membrane or sac enclosing each lung

Activity Do NOT do this activity if you have asthma!!!!!! Blow up a balloon as much as possible with only one breath. Measure how big around everyone’s balloon is with the tape measure and write down the numbers next to the person’s name. Let air out of balloons and repeat two more times. Take an average of three tests.

Who was able to blow the most air into their balloon?