The Body’s Physical Systems Psych 1216 - Health Psych.

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Presentation transcript:

The Body’s Physical Systems Psych Health Psych

The Neuron

Neural Communication

Neurotransmitter molecule Receiving cell membrane Receptor site on receiving neuron Agonist mimics Neurotransmitter effects Antagonist blocks Neurotransmitter effects

CNS: Forebrain  Telencephalon Limbic System Cerebrum  Diencephalon Thalamus & Hypothalamus Corpus callosum

The Limbic System

Brain stem

The Cerebral Cortex

The Nervous System Central (brain and spinal cord) Nervous system Autonomic (controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands) Skeletal (controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles) Sympathetic (arousing) Parasympathetic (calming) Peripheral

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The Endocrine System

The Digestive System

The Digestive System Disorders  Peptic Ulcers sores usually in the duodenum  Hepatitis Viral inflammation of the liver  Cirrhosis  Cancer

Metabolism  Basal Metabolic Rate  Exercise Metabolic Rate  Dietary Thermogenesis

The Respiratory System  Mechanical action: moving air in and out of the lungs  Gas Exchange: respiration - in the alveoli, CO2 (toxic gas) is eliminated and O2 enters the blood stream  Protective mechanisms: sneezing, cough, mucous production  Impaired function: Asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, cancer

The Cardiovascular System Blood transport of nutrients and waste removal from tissues. Chemicals and hormone distribution.  The Heart: A four chamber muscle pump nourished by the coronary arteries  Blood pressure: Systolic=120 mmHg, Diastolic=80 mmHg. Varies depending on demand and vascular conditions.  Blood composition: red and white cells, platelets and plasma  Cardiovascular disorders: mostly related to blood vessel damage and blood flow abnormalities resulting in tissue damage)

The Cardiovascular System  Heart Myocardium  Atria and Ventricles Blood Flow

Blood Pressure  Systole & Diastole Systolic: max force from contraction Diastolic: pressure between contractions  Fluid Dynamics Cardiac output Blood volume Peripheral resistance Elasticity of vessels Viscosity of blood

Blood Pressure  Other factors that affect BP Emotions: SNS Environmental Temperature Activity levels  Hypertension >140 mmHg systolic, >90 mmHg diastolic Risk factors  family Hx  body weight  age  gender  race

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System  Myocardial Infarction  Angina Pectoris  Stroke

Immune System  Organs of the immune system lymphocytes: white blood cells  from lymphatic or lymphoid organs:  bone marrow  thymus  lymph nodes  spleen  lymph nodes capture antigens and hold lymphocytes  lymph vessels ultimately empty into blood supply  can spread cancer cells  spleen filters blood

Soldiers of the Immune System  White blood cells phagocytes: nonspecific immunity  macrophages and monocytes lymphocytes: respond to specific antigens  T-cells: cell-mediated immunity Killer T cells Helper T cells Memory T cells Suppressor T cells

Soldiers of the Immune System  B-cells: antibody-mediated immunity B-cells produce plasma cells which produce antibodies (immunoglobulins - Ig)  Ig’s attach to antigen and identify it for destruction Memory B-cells

The Immune Response  First lines of defense skin mucous membranes of respiratory and digestive tracts  Next: non-specific and specific immune processes phagocytes, B-cells, helper T-cells Finally: killer T-cells destroy invaded cells

Auto-immune Diseases  Rheumatoid arthritis: joints  Rheumatic fever: heart muscle  Multiple Sclerosis: myelin  Lupus erythematosus: skin and kidneys  Multiple Sclerosis: myelin on axons

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