Risks of Adolescent Sexual Activity Chapter 20

STD’s Genital Herpes: antiviral medications can shorten outbreaks and their frequency Herpes is an infection that is caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). Oral herpes causes cold sores around the mouth or face. Genital herpes affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area and can affect the eyes, skin, or other parts of the body. The virus can be dangerous in newborn babies or in people with weak immune systems.

STD’s There are two types of HSV: HSV type 1 most commonly causes cold sores. It can also cause genital herpes. HSV type 2 is the usual cause of genital herpes, but it also can infect the mouth.

Herpes

STD’s HSV spreads direct contact. Some people have no symptoms. Others get sores near the area where the virus has entered the body. They turn into blisters, become itchy and painful, and then heal. Most people have outbreaks several times a year. Over time, you get them less often. Medicines to help your body fight the virus can help lessen symptoms and decrease outbreaks

STD’S Hepatitis: The symptoms of hepatitis include: Abdominal pain or distention Breast development in males Dark urine and pale or clay-colored stools Fatigue Fever, usually low-grade General itching Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes) Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Weight loss

STD’s Hepatitis is swelling and inflammation of the liver. It is not a condition, but is often used to refer to a viral infection of the liver Liver damage from alcohol, poisonous mushrooms, or other poisons

Chlamydia Symptoms As many as 1 in 4 men with chlamydia have no symptoms. In men, chlamydia may produce symptoms similar to gonorrhea. Symptoms may include: Burning sensation during urination Discharge from the penis or rectum Testicular tenderness or pain Rectal discharge or pain

Chlamydia Only about 30% of women with chlamydia have symptoms. Symptoms that may occur in women include: Burning sensation during urination Painful sexual intercourse Rectal pain or discharge Symptoms of PID, salpingitis, liver inflammation similar to hepatitis Vaginal discharge

Chlamydia Treatment with antibiotics The usual treatment for chlamydia is antibiotics, including tetracyclines, azithromycin, or erythromycin. A follow-up evaluation may be done in 4 weeks to determine if the infection has been cured.

Gonorrhea Clap; The drip Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear 2 - 5 days after infection, however, in men, symptoms may take up to a month to appear. Some people do not have symptoms. They may be completely unaware that they have caught the infection, and therefore do not seek treatment. This increases the risk of complications and the chances of passing the infection on to another person.

Symptoms in men include: Gonorrhea Symptoms in men include: Burning and pain while urinating Increased urinary frequency or urgency Discharge from the penis (white, yellow, or green in color) Red or swollen opening of penis (urethra) Tender or swollen testicles Sore throat (gonococcal pharyngitis)

Symptoms in women can be very mild and include: Gonorrhea Symptoms in women can be very mild and include: Vaginal discharge Burning and pain while urinating Increased urination Sore throat Painful sexual intercourse Severe pain in lower abdomen (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area) Fever (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area)

Gonorrhea If the infection spreads to the bloodstream, fever, rash, and arthritis-like symptoms.. You can greatly lower your risk of catching an STD by using a condom every time you have sex. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae and must be treated with an antibiotic

Gonorrhea

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to infection of the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes (tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus) and other reproductive organs that causes symptoms such as lower abdominal pain. It is a serious complication of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Surgery may be needed if the infection is left untreated Symptoms of PID most commonly have lower abdominal pain. Other signs and symptoms include fever, unusual vaginal discharge that may have a foul odor, painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding, and pain in the right upper abdomen

Syphilis Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Primary Stage The primary stage of syphilis is usually marked by the appearance of a single sore (called a chancre), but there may be multiple sores. The time between infection with syphilis and the start of the first symptom can range from 10 to 90 days (average 21 days). The chancre is usually firm, round, small, and painless. It appears at the spot where syphilis entered the body. The chancre lasts 3 to 6 weeks.

Syphilis

Syphilis Secondary Stage Skin rash and mucous membrane lesions characterize the secondary stage. This stage typically starts with the development of a rash on one or more areas of the body. The rash usually does not cause itching. Rashes associated with secondary syphilis can appear as the chancre is healing or several weeks after the chancre has healed. The characteristic rash of secondary syphilis may appear as rough, red, or reddish brown spots both on the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet. However, rashes with a different appearance may occur on other parts of the body, sometimes resembling rashes caused by other diseases.

Syphilis Late and Latent Stages The latent (hidden) stage of syphilis begins when primary and secondary symptoms disappear. Without treatment, the infected person will continue to have syphilis even though there are no signs or symptoms; infection remains in the body. This latent stage can last for years.  The late stages of syphilis can develop in about 15% of people who have not been treated for syphilis, and can appear 10–20 years after infection was first acquired. In the late stages of syphilis, the disease may subsequently damage the internal organs, including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints. Signs and symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, and dementia. This damage may be serious enough to cause death.

Syphilis A single intramuscular injection of penicillin, an antibiotic, will cure a person who has had syphilis for less than a year. Additional doses are needed to treat someone who has had syphilis for longer than a year

HIV HIV & AIDS Overview Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV/AIDS weakens a person’s ability to fight infections and cancer. HIV transmission can occur with unprotected sex or with needle sharing. Symptoms of HIV vary widely. A person may have HIV symptoms or AIDS symptoms without knowing it until they get HIV testing. There is no HIV cure at this time although medications can delay the onset of AIDS. A combination of drugs can delay the start of serious symptoms.

HPV Human Papilloma Virus HPV/Genital Warts The human papillomavirus virus (HPV) is a collection of viruses that cause warts on the hands, feet, and genitals. Some HPVs are sexually transmitted and also cause cervical cancer An HPV vaccine may reduce your risk.

Talk Should you talk about STD’s with your friends? Yes because it may: Help change the nature of the STD epidemic Help prevent the spread of STDs Increase the likelihood that she will be cured.

STDs Pelvic Inflammatory Disease can be caused by untreated STDs Such as: Gonorrhea Bacterial infections chlamydia

MYTHS You cannot get pregnant the first time you engage in sexual intercourse.

Pregnancy People who do not finish school usually do not make as much money as those students who do.

High School Students The majority will remain abstinent They know how to say “NO”

Risks of getting an STD Being sexually active Having more than one sex partner Using alcohol and drugs

Pregnant Teens About 750,000 teenagers become pregnant each year.

STD Lice is a parasite that is characterized by intense itching.

Preventing STDs Practicing sexual abstinence Not using alcohol and drugs Having only one partner

Affection Can be shown by: Hugging Kissing talking

STDs Genital Herpes, Syphilis, HIV can be transmitted from mother to her baby

STDs If you think you have an STD, you should: See your family doctor Go to the county health department for a test Visit a public health clinic for a test

Test Tomorrow on Chapter 20