Antibiotic Resistance and our Community Down With Superbugs!

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
What are antibiotics? Antibiotics are medicines used to treat infections that are caused by bacteria (germs). Antibiotics cannot treat infections caused.
Advertisements

Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 A lesson for the 8 th grade student Kayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia McMahon, Takara Campbell, Robin Manzella HSC4302 Spring.
WHAT CAN WE DO AS PARENTS AND TEACHERS TO HELP KEEP OUR KIDS HEALTHY? Student Health.
Proper Use of Antibiotics June Proper Use of Antibiotics What are antibiotics? Are there any risks for the use of antibiotics? How to use antibiotics.
Common Communicable Diseases
Do Bugs Need Drugs? A Community Program for Wise Use of Antibiotics.
Influenza A, H1N1 “Swine Flu” The Facts and How to Protect Yourself.
Influenza Prevention We anticipate that there will be two types of influenza illness and influenza vaccines this year Seasonal influenza – the usual flu.
Communicable Diseases
 This is an upper respiratory infection.  Pharyngitis is gram positive  The pharyngitis is caused by swelling in the back throat (pharynx) between.
Learn How to Protect Yourself and Others The Flu.
Lesson 3 Common Communicable Diseases When you have a cold, the best thing to do is rest, eat nutritious foods, and drink plenty of fluids such as water.
Antibiotics Fact or Fiction Quiz
Colds, Flu and ANTIBIOTic resistance
Hmm... I feel sick, do I need antibiotics? Children, infections and antibiotics An interactive parental educational programme Birgitta Jonsson, RN, Dept.
Influenza Prevention We anticipate that there will be two types of influenza illness and two different types of influenza vaccine this year Seasonal influenza.
Swine Flu Guidelines & Recommendations for Preventing Influenza Spread in ChildrenBy Gehan A Alsawah, MD Lecturer of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology.
Click the mouse button or press the space bar to display information. A Guide to Communicable Respiratory Diseases Communicable diseases can be spread.
Source: familydoctor.org 1 Germs, Germs, Go Away What is the common cold and the flu? Both the common cold and the flu are infections of the respiratory.
Get Smart Virginia’s goal is to educate the public about appropriate antibiotic use and what happens when antibiotics are used inappropriately…the development.
Viruses Bacteria and Your Health Ch I. How Infectious Diseases Spread A. Infectious diseases are illnesses that pass from one person to another.
SORE THROAT & OTITIS MEDIA
Safe Use of Antibiotics March 2011 (Full version).
The Flu Season: Protecting our Children from Influenza School Name Name of Presenter Presentation Date.
By: Scott Panchik. Cold  Each year people in the United States suffer 1 billion colds!  Adults average 2-4 colds/year.  Cold symptoms include: runny.
BRONCHITIS. CAUSES: Several viruses cause bronchitis, including influenza A and B, commonly referred to as the flu. A number of bacteria are also known.
Antibiotics & You The inside story on how antibiotics work and what you can do to prevent antibiotic resistance. Oregon Alliance Working for Antibiotic.
Influenza (Flu)
Antibiotic Use in URTI Gary Kroukamp ENT Specialist Kingsbury Hospital.
The Effects of Pnemonia
The Roles of Medicines (1:40) Click here to launch video Click here to download print activity.
Diseases of the Respiratory System. Infections of the Respiratory tract Most common entry point for infections Upper respiratory tract –nose, nasal cavity,
Bronchitis in children. Acute upper respiratory tract infections Prof. Pavlyshyn H.A., MD, PhD.
1. 2 Medicines are Drugs A medicine or drug… –changes how your body works, or –treats or prevents a disease or symptom.
“The World We Create” NATS 101 Section 6 Project 4! Due Tuesday May 4 th Final Exam! Week April 27-29!
A communicable disease is disease that can be passed from one person to another. These diseases are often caused by germs, such as bacteria or viruses.
Diseases.
Infectious Respiratory Diseases
Disease Test Vocabulary Terms Essay/Short Answer Question Review Challenge Questions.
BY: MRS. VAN CUREN Pertussis (Whooping Cough). What is Whooping Cough? Whooping cough is an extremely contagious upper respiratory infection. It causes.
Musayyab, Mustafa and Zoya.  Your child will likely have a fever, pull at her ears, and be irritable. She may also have trouble sleeping. Signs and symptoms.
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Bacteria
Bacterial Pneumonia.
CCCC oooo uuuu gggg hhhh is a common s s s s s yyyy mmmm pppp tttt oooo mmmm of bronchitis. The cough may be dry or may produce phlegm. Significant.
Bronchitis By Leyre Poza and Marilyn Quintana. Content What's bronchitis? Causes Symptoms Transmission Types Prevention I Treatment II Treatment Bibliography.
The Spread of Pathogens Starter 1. Why are most antibiotics no longer effective against MRSA? 2. Describe the pattern in Graph 1 and 2 3. Explain why deaths.
Common Infectious Disease. Health Stats ) Pneumonia 1) Pneumonia 2) Tuberculosis 2) Tuberculosis 3) Infectious Diarrhea 3) Infectious Diarrhea.
Problems of the Respiratory System. Sinusitis Definition – inflamed or swollen sinuses Symptoms – Runny nose Risk Factors – exposure to pollutants Complications.
Red or pale face, blue lips Loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea Fever Runny nose, cough, sore throat Unusual or irritable behavior Lethargic, uninterested.
By: Melanie Dominguez WHAT IS PERTUSSIS? Pertussis, or commonly known as whooping cough, is a bacterial respiratory infection that is spread from person.
Medicines are divided into classes and have different effects on different people.
Antibiotic Myths and Facts MYTH: Antibiotics help reduce the length and severity of a cold or flu FACT: Antibiotics have no effect on colds or flu. The.
Sinusitis By: Ashley and Ally.
Infectious Diseases. Infectious diseases – any disease that is caused by an agent that can pass from one living thing to another.
Coughs and colds How you can manage your symptoms.
Chapter 23 Medicines & Drugs Pg Chapter 23, Lesson 1 The Role of Medicines.
Lesson 18. Common Ailments of the Respiratory System Common AilmentsCauseDescription 1. AsthmaTriggered by allergies: dust fumes and other air pollutants,
Antibiotics ‘The Ticking Time Bomb’ Lucy Reid Head of Medicines Management NHS Halton CCG.
By: Dan, DJ, Lauren, and Alexa
Albert Z. Holloway MD, FAAP
Using Medicines Wisely
Common Communicable Diseases
Differences between Bacteria & Viruses
Bacteria: Beneficial, Infectious, and Antibiotics
What You Can Do to Help Prevent Antibiotic Resistance
Infectious disease Caused by tiny organisms called pathogens (ex. Bacteria, viruses, fungi or protists) Can come from another person, contaminated object,
Kentucky Antibiotic Awareness Education
Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotics.
Presentation transcript:

Antibiotic Resistance and our Community Down With Superbugs!

What We’ll Cover What is antibiotic resistance? Why should I be concerned? How can we keep our families safe? Green mucus and other exciting topics Your questions

Digression #1: “Upper Respiratory Infection” A viral or bacterial invasion of the: Nose (sinusitis) Throat (pharyngitis) Chest/bronchial tubes (bronchitis) Ear (otitis media)

Digression #2: “-itis” 1.“-itis” means inflammation. 2. Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract can have many causes: Viruses, allergies, environmental exposures, bacteria 3. “-itis” does not imply bacteria or bacterial infection.

 “Strep” throat (scarlet & rheumatic fever)  Chronic sinus infections  Pneumonia  Bladder infections  Chlamydia, syphilis & gonorrhea They treat many bacterial illnesses, including: The Good News: Antibiotics Kill Bacteria

( Adapted from Levin BR, Clin Infect Dis 2001) Antibiotics Kill Bacteria Viruses Bacteria No effect Antibiotics X Break down cell walls Stop replication

( Adapted from Levin BR, Clin Infect Dis 2001) Antibiotics Need Time to Work R Antibiotics prescribed Day 5 R X XX X Medication taken for full course of treatment R X X X X X X X Infection cured! Day 1 Day 10

Most upper respiratory infections are caused by viruses. Antibiotics have no effect against colds and the flu. Antibiotics Don’t Help Colds or the Flu

When we take antibiotics to treat colds and the flu, they lose their effectiveness against bacteria. This phenomenon is known as antibiotic resistance. Overusing Antibiotics Makes them Ineffective Against Bacteria

Antibiotic Resistance Over time, bacteria develop the ability to survive treatment with drugs that used to kill them. Causes of resistance: –Unnecessary use for viral infections –Quitting treatment too soon –Unnecessary use of broad-spectrum medications

Scenario #1 Jane has a sore throat. Without testing, her health care provider prescribes penicillin “just in case” it’s strep. Jane’s symptoms are caused by a virus, but she also has bacteria in her sinuses.

Unnecessary Antibiotics Cause Resistance Susceptible bacteria are killed off. A few hardy survivors are left behind. X X X X X X X X The survivors can withstand penicillin. R R Jane takes penicillin.

The resistant survivors multiply. R R R R R R R R R RR Treatment with penicillin has no effect. X Resistant Bacteria Can Multiply and Spread Jane is now a carrier of penicillin-resistant bacteria.

Scenario #2 Ashley comes home from school with a sore throat and fever. After a positive strep test, her pediatrician prescribes penicillin.

Her parents decide it’s OK to stop. Ashley takes her medicine for three days. Ashley feels fine. Scenario #2

(Adapted from Levin BR, Clin Infect Dis 2001) Incomplete Treatment Causes Resistance R X X X X X Day 3 Symptoms improved, treatment stopped Day 0 R Antibiotics prescribed R R R R R RR Day 10 Resistant infection Meanwhile, the survivors multiply.

R R R R R RR Resistant Infections Require Special Treatment Longer treatment Higher dosage More expensive medication Intravenous (IV) medication, hospitalization

Resistant Infections are Dangerous Medication toxicity (side effects) Contagious Can pass resistance to other organisms Worst Case Scenario: The infection may become resistant to all medications (untreatable).

Why We Overuse Antibiotics Patients: Think green nasal discharge = bacterial infection Need to return to work/school Expect antibiotics if they’ve been given them before Physicians Think patients expect antibiotics Concerned about patient satisfaction Diagnosis is difficult Time pressure (Clin Pediatr. 1998;37: ) Antibiotic Prescription

What Can Parents Do? Ask your health care provider to explain the diagnosis. Don’t insist on antibiotics. Remember: Most respiratory symptoms are caused by viruses Antibiotics probably won’t make you better any faster Green or yellow mucus doesn’t mean bacterial infection Wash your hands!

The Green Mucus Myth Stott BMJ 1976;2: % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Days of illness Patients recording yellow sputum Antibiotics Sugar Pill

Don’t ask for a particular brand. When Your Child Takes Antibiotics: Take every dose, unless you’re specifically directed otherwise. NEVER save antibiotics for later illnesses. NEVER share antibiotics between family members.

Be Realistic: It Takes Time to Get Over a Virus! Gwaltney JAMA 1967;202:158 fever sore throat cough Runny nose

What Can Health Care Providers Do? Take time to explain the diagnosis and suggest ways to feel better. Ask patients about their expectations. Stick to established treatment guidelines. Treat conservatively if possible.

Sore Throat Rapid Strep Test if more than one of the following are present: Discharge from tonsils Swollen/sore lymph nodes Fever No cough Antibiotic of choice for confirmed strep: Penicillin 90% of sore throats are caused by viruses!

Ear Infections Buildup of fluid in the middle ear is very common in infants and toddlers Treatment: If mild, uncomplicated, no perforated eardrum and >24 mos old, consider “wait-and-see” for 72 hours Antibiotic of choice: amoxicillin No treatment is required unless the following are present: Ear pain, fever, irritability, bulging yellow/red eardrum

Sinusitis If nasal discharge > 10 days OR severe symptoms: High/persistent fever, apparent illness Facial pain on one side Postnasal drip Swelling around the eye area Antibiotic of choice: amoxicillin Yellow/green mucus does not mean bacterial infection!

Cough Illness Treat only confirmed pertussis (whooping cough) or pneumonia with antibiotics. Most coughs in children are caused by viruses, and may last for 2-3 weeks. Antibiotic treatment will not prevent pneumonia. Yellow/green mucus does not mean bacterial infection.

A Community Approach to Appropriate Antibiotic Use Improve diagnosis (train providers and students) Collect information on resistance patterns Work with health plans to monitor prescribing habits Educate medical professionals and the public about appropriate use

Help Oregon AWARE Spread the Word! Tell your friends and family about antibiotic resistance Help distribute information at work, in schools and day care centers Join our coalition