MUSICAL ACOUSTICS WAVES Science of Sound, Chapter 3.

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Presentation transcript:

MUSICAL ACOUSTICS WAVES Science of Sound, Chapter 3

WAVE PROPERTIES: Reflection Refraction Interference Diffraction Doppler Shift WHAT IS A WAVE? Waves are disturbances that transport energy and information through a medium (but the medium itself is not transported). Waves can be longitudinal (e.g. sound waves) or transverse (e.g. waves on a string or water waves). ttp:// au/ // u/

Traveling wave on a rope Reflection of a pulse: at a fixed end at a free end Mirror image of an impulsive wave approaching: A plane mirror (left) A corner mirror (right)

REFLECTION OF AN IMPULSIVE WAVE At a fixed end At a free end

SUPERPOSITION OF WAVE PULSES

INTEFERENCE OF TWO IDENTICAL WAVES ON A STRING At times t 1 and t 5 there is constructive interference; at time t 3 there is destructive interference. Note that at points marked N, the displacement is always zero; this represents a STANDING WAVE

REFLECTION OF PRESSURE (SOUND) PULSE

SPEED OF SOUND IN IDEAL GAS

OCEAN WAVES WHEN THE WAVE ENTERS SHALLOW WATER IT SLOWS DOWN AND ITS HEIGHT INCREASES

DOPPLER EFFECT

REFLECTION – WATER WAVES

REFLECTION – SOUND WAVES

REFRACTION

TWO MEDIUMS

REFRACTION THROUGH A PRISM ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

IMAGES FORMATION BY LENSES REFRACTION OF LIGHT BY WATER

REFLECTION

REFRACTION

INTERFERENCE OF WAVES FROM TWO IDENTICAL SOURCES

INTERFERENCE OF WATER WAVES

DIFFRACTION OF WATER WAVES BY A SLIT

DIFFRACTION

DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT BY A PIN

DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT BY A SCREW

DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT BY A RAZOR BLADE

DIFFRACTION BY A SINGLE SLIT

DIFFRACTION

DIFFRACTION OF WATER WAVES

DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT AND SOUND WAVES

SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF A WHITE LED

LED SPECTRAL RESPONSE CURVE