Olin Student Projects 2007 Keith Gendreau NASA/GSFC 301-286-6188.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

X-ray diffraction – the experiment

Advertisements

Electromagnetic Waves G5 - X Rays. Coolidge tube (X-ray tube) K = Hot filament cathode A = Tungsten anode U h = Heater Voltage (e.g. 12V) U a = Accelerating.

Instrumental Chemistry

Bragg’s Law nl=2dsinΘ Just needs some satisfaction!! d Θ l

Saeedeh Ghaffari Nanofabrication Fall 2011 April 15 1.

1 SpectroscopIC aNALYSIS Part 7 – X-ray Analysis Methods Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand January 2012 Dr Ron Beckett Water Studies Centre &

Chap 8 Analytical Instruments. XRD Measure X-Rays “Diffracted” by the specimen and obtain a diffraction pattern Interaction of X-rays with sample creates.

Materials Science and Engineering Crystalline and Non-Crystalline Systems X-Ray Diffraction: Determination of Crystal Structure.

Lecture 20 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

X-ray Diffraction. X-ray Generation X-ray tube (sealed) Pure metal target (Cu) Electrons remover inner-shell electrons from target. Other electrons “fall”

Lecture 21 (12/11/2006) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Theory and Analytical Technique.

Experimentally, the Bragg law can be applied in two different ways:

CHAPTER 3: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

Internal – External Order We described symmetry of crystal habit (32 point groups) We also looked at internal ordering of atoms in 3-D structure (230 space.

X-Ray Crystallography The most important technique for mineralogy The most important technique for mineralogy Direct measurement of atomic arrangement.

PROVIDED BY EMAD BEHDAD SPECIALIZED PROTECTION AND CORROSION OF MATERIALS LECTURERS H.MONAJATI,PHD JAFARI,PHD ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY OF NAJAFABAD BARANCH.

Lecture 8b X-Ray Diffraction. Introduction I History 1895 Wilhelm Conrad R ӧ ntgen discovered X-rays 1905 Albert Einstein introduces the concept of photons.

Solid State Physics 2. X-ray Diffraction 4/15/2017.

X-Ray Diffraction. The XRD Technique Takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample which is then illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length.

Yat Li Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California, Santa Cruz CHEM 146C_Experiment #3 Identification of Crystal Structures by Powder.

MENA3100, 3/2-10, OBK X-ray diffractionXRD Røntgendiffraksjon Single crystalPowder.

Atomic X-Ray Spectroscopy Chapter 12 X-ray range  Å to 100 Å Used  0.1Å to 25 Å.

1 Recap  X-rays are very short EM radiation, 0.01 nm – 10 nm  It’s the reverse process of photoeletricity but at much higher energy scale ( 100 eV –

X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Forensic Geology X-ray diffraction pattern for goethite X-ray diffractometer (XRD) laboratory.

X Ray Flouresence Analysis (XRF). XRF X-Ray Fluorescence is used to identify and measure the concentration of elements in a sample X-Ray Fluorescence.

Olin Student Projects 2008 Keith Gendreau Code 662 NASA/GSFC

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence to Determine the Composition of Household Objects Katherine Spoth, mentor Peter Revesz August 13, 2010.

Instrumental Chemistry Chapter 12 Atomic X-Ray Spectroscopic.

X-Ray Diffraction ME 215 Exp#1. X-Ray Diffraction X-rays is a form of electromagnetic radiation having a range of wavelength from nm (0.01x10 -9.

Ge 116 Module 1: Scanning Electron Microscopy

Qualitative, quantitative analysis and “standardless” analysis NON DESTRUCTIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Notes by: Dr Ivan Gržetić, professor University of Belgrade.

NON DESTRUCTIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Gamma Spectroscopy HPT TVAN Technical Training

Submitted By:- Nardev Kumar Bajaj Roll NO Group-C

Atomic X-Ray Spectrometry - Ch12

Field Methods XRF Copyright © 2013 by DBS. Atomic Spectroscopy for Metal Analysis Introduction to the Principles of Atomic Spectroscopy Atomic spectroscopy:

CHE (Structural Inorganic Chemistry) X-ray Diffraction & Crystallography lecture 2 Dr Rob Jackson LJ1.16,

Seminar Author: Bojan Hiti Mentor: doc. dr. Matjaž Kavčič Determination of trace impurities on Si wafers with x-ray fluorescence.

X-ray Diffraction Outline Crystals and Bragg Diffraction

X - Rays & Crystals Characterizing Mineral Chemistry & Structure J.D. Price Characterizing Mineral Chemistry & Structure J.D. Price.

Protein Structure Determination Part 2 -- X-ray Crystallography.

6- PRENTICE HALL ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ CRIMINALISTICS An Introduction to Forensic Science, 9/E By Richard Saferstein.

Chapter 12 Atomic X-Ray Spectroscopy

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) – Shoots a high energy beam of electrons (waves of electrons) at a target. Electron gun Focusing coil Objective lens.

Unknown at first, these photons from innershell transitions have played a vital role in materials analysis.

Chem X-ray Crystallography X-ray crystallography is an experimental technique that exploits the fact that X-rays are diffracted by the periodic.

X-Ray Diffraction Dr. T. Ramlochan March 2010.

PHYS 430/603 material Laszlo Takacs UMBC Department of Physics

Diffraction Basics Coherent scattering around atomic scattering centers occurs when x-rays interact with material In materials with a crystalline structure,

Energy-Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis in the TEM Anthony J. Garratt-Reed Neil Rowlands.

Detectors for Light Sources Contribution to the eXtreme Data Workshop of Nicola Tartoni Diamond Light Source.

NEM Lab. NEM Lab. Nano-electronic materials Lab. Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Adviser ： Adviser ： Kuen-Hsien Wu Reporter: Jai-Ming.

SEM- Schematic Overview. Electron Detection Tungsten Filament Electron Source.

X-ray powder diffractometer X-ray powder diffractometer.

1.Stable radiation source 2.Wavelength selector 3.Transparent sample holder: cells/curvettes made of suitable material (Table 7- 2) 4.Radiation detector.

Page 1 Phys Baski Diffraction Techniques Topic #7: Diffraction Techniques Introductory Material –Wave-like nature of electrons, diffraction/interference.

The Braggs and X ray Crystallography By sending radiation through crystal structures you should be able to produce diffraction around the atoms.

X-ray microanalysis in the electron microscope

K. Jahoda, 6 Aug 2007 X-ray School, GWU Proportional Counters Some of what you should know in order to use proportional counters for Spectroscopy, Timing,

Example of the output produced by XRF

Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation 242 NMT 1 Dr. Abdo Mansour Assistant Professor of radiology

THE X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER AND OTHER XRD INSTRUMENTATION Precession Camera.

Essential Parts of the Diffractometer X-ray Tube: the source of X Rays Incident-beam optics: condition the X-ray beam before it hits.

Prepared By – Amit $hah M.Pharm 1 st sem QA Roll NO :- 03 Guided By – Mr. Pinak R. Patel Assistant Professor Dept. P’ceutical Chem. D Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy.

Single crystal XRD.

Computed Tomography Data Acquisition

Instrument Parameters in WDXRF

X-ray powder diffractometer.

X-ray powder diffractometer.

Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidhyalaya, Ppt. name:- x-Ray techniques

Presentation transcript:

Olin Student Projects 2007 Keith Gendreau NASA/GSFC

USB X-ray Flux Meter Will have MANY uses at GSFC –X-ray source stability monitor at 600m beamline –Calibrator of new X-ray Diffractometer/Fluorescence Instrument Design and build a USB connected pulse counter that can be connected to a fast X- ray detector for purposes of monitoring X- ray flux. Project would involve circuit design –FPGA developer boards with USB interface? –Other USB developer boards –Pulse Processor Simple comparotr trigger? Multiple Pulseheight Triggers (eg build up spectrum AND countrate) Pulse Profile Fitting? – Input from “Generic” X-ray Detector APD (Simple to implement anywhere) Proportional Counter Software design –USB Driver –Pulseheight Analysis X-ray Detector With Simple Preamp BNC Amplifier Trigger Circuit FPGA? Comparator? USB Computer USB Controls USB Controls ~10 mV ~10 nsec Time, cnts/sec Or Time, pulseheight

Material Identification using a simultaneous X- ray diffractometer/Fluorescence instrument. GSFC has developed a new type of X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) using instruments and techniques developed for X-ray astrophysics XRD measures the spacing between atomic planes in materials using X-rays as rulers Data sets are very rich Q: what is the minimum number of photons needed to ID a material with this instrument? This will take longer to explain, but is VERY cool

Material analysis with X-rays: fluorescence (XRF) and diffraction (XRD) XRF — Elemental abundances through spectroscopy XRD — Bragg's law describes how atomic plane spacings may be measured: d 22 X-rays in Detector Traditional monochromatic XRD methods must vary sample-detector geometry, or randomize crystal orientations by powderizing the sample: destructive!

Multidimensional XRD CCDs provide energy (wavelength) and position information for individual photons. Using continuum radiation literally opens up a new dimension. The richness of the resulting data is surprising… CCD control and readout electronics Computer interface with event processing Four-dimensional event list: time, x, y, energy for each detected X-ray time, , , for each event time, d-spacing, orientation, energy for each event. Apply geometry Apply Bragg’s law, n = 2d sin(  ) An X-ray source producing Bremsstrahlung continuum X-rays ( keV) sends a collimated beam toward a sample. The X-rays either diffract from atomic planes in the sample or excite characteristic line emission. A photon-counting, energy-resolving CCD captures some of the resulting X-rays, producing an event list that can be transformed into both fluorescence (elemental composition) and diffraction (mineral atomic-plane spacing) information on an event-by-event basis. Sample at (x o,y o,z o ) CCD X-ray source Collimated X-ray beam Diffracted and fluoresced X-rays x y z 22  

The $15 X-ray CCD Camera Go to K-mart or someplace and buy a cheap webcam. Carefully remove housing Using a razor and knife, carefully remove the glass cover of the CMOS detector Put in a dark box with a radioactive X-ray source See X-rays Q: can we hack the software of these camera to process the frames to extract X-ray events?