Solutions

G Solutions are uniform mixtures of two or more substances. G Homogenous (Hom-mogdge-genis) means that the solution is the same throughout! G Solutions are uniform mixtures of two or more substances. G Homogenous (Hom-mogdge-genis) means that the solution is the same throughout! A uniform: all the same.

G An aqueous solution: G ‘aqua’ is Latin for water! G Solutions that are made of water are referred to aqueous solutions. G An aqueous solution: G ‘aqua’ is Latin for water! G Solutions that are made of water are referred to aqueous solutions.

Electrolytes G Water has slight electrical charges at either end which help it dissolve many substances by attaching themselves to the particles. G Some substances are made from charged particles called ions. Eg Salt (NaCl). When water separates these particles they can carry an electrical current through the water. G This solution is now a conductor G Water has slight electrical charges at either end which help it dissolve many substances by attaching themselves to the particles. G Some substances are made from charged particles called ions. Eg Salt (NaCl). When water separates these particles they can carry an electrical current through the water. G This solution is now a conductor

Electrolytes G This solution is now a conductor and is called an electrolyte G If It is a solution and it does not conduct it is a non-electrolyte G This solution is now a conductor and is called an electrolyte G If It is a solution and it does not conduct it is a non-electrolyte

Immiscible or Miscible G Sometimes solutions can be formed when two liquids are mixed completely into each other. G Eg ethanol will mix with water G These liquids are said to be miscible G Sometimes solutions can be formed when two liquids are mixed completely into each other. G Eg ethanol will mix with water G These liquids are said to be miscible

Immiscible G If they do not mix but form layers than they are said to be immiscible. The more dense liquid will go to the bottom. G Eg oil will float on water. G If they do not mix but form layers than they are said to be immiscible. The more dense liquid will go to the bottom. G Eg oil will float on water.

Solvents other than water

Oil/water/detergent demo Describe your observations: G When oil and water were mixed G When detergent was added G When it was shaken G What was happening? G When oil and water were mixed G When detergent was added G When it was shaken G What was happening?

Hydrocarbon

End Describe in a few sentences how detergent helps dissolve grease

Some other solvents G Ethanol- dissolves mostly the same things as water G Many solvents are made of petroleum- Degreasers clean engines G Turpentine- removes paint G Nail polish remover G Caustic Soda (NaOH) turns grease into soap G Ethanol- dissolves mostly the same things as water G Many solvents are made of petroleum- Degreasers clean engines G Turpentine- removes paint G Nail polish remover G Caustic Soda (NaOH) turns grease into soap

Questions 1. Why would we not want nail polish to dissolve in water? 2. How does caustic soda unblock drains? 3. Suggest a suitable solvent for: G Nail polish G Bike grease G Engine grease 1. Why would we not want nail polish to dissolve in water? 2. How does caustic soda unblock drains? 3. Suggest a suitable solvent for: G Nail polish G Bike grease G Engine grease