Pavement Surface Characteristics 9 th Annual Concrete Conference The Crowne Plaza Timonium, Maryland March 24 th, 2009 Leif Wathne Larry Scofield

Learning Objectives Concrete Surface Textures Sound and Noise? Texture and Friction What’s New? Summary and Conclusions

SURFACE TEXTURES Pavement Surface Characteristics

Why Transverse Tining? Standard Practice Pre-1970’s? Burlap Drag (46 states) Brooming CA Div. of Highways, 1971 LA Freeway Studies Grooving techniques Capital Beltway in MD Concrete Pavement… What Happened?

FHWA Technical Advisories… FHWA T September 1979 Replaced Notice FHWA N September 1976, "Texturing of Concrete Pavements and Bridge Decks.“ “… transverse grooving is considered to be superior to longitudinal grooving for general use on new construction …”

FHWA Technical Advisories… FHWA T “Surface Texture for Asphalt and Concrete Pavements” – Includes the following textures: Transverse TiningLongitudinal Tining Exposed AggregateDiamond Grinding Diamond GroovingBurlap Drag Atrificial Turf DragTransverse Broom Good discussion of micro/macro texture, noise, etc.

Typical Highway Concrete Texture Types Transverse Tine Conventional Diamond Grinding Longitudinal Tine Next Generation Concrete Surface dBA dBA dBA dBA Traffic “Half” as Loud

Texture Type By State RTT UTT LT Considering Changing to LT Astro Turf Drag Diamond Grinding Hawaii Alaska Asphalt Only Trans/Long Grooving Source: Larry Scofield

SOUND and NOISE? Pavement Surface Characteristics

The Sounds of Silence Quality of Life Investment Decisions The Future is Different

Two Types of Annoyance Volume (Too Loud) Frequency (Off Station) Frequency dBA 110 dBA Tonal Spike

Noise Results

Preliminary Catalog Results – Long. Tine Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

Preliminary Catalog Results – Trans. Tine Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3

Growing Old Or “Acoustic Longevity” Changing Performance Over Time Pavement Age (Yrs) Noise Level (dBA) Asphalt Concrete

Arizona ARFC Predicted Vs Actual Acoustic Durability Predicted Noise Level Change Yrs

Acoustic Longevity of CDG in Kansas

What Does it All Mean? Kansas Concrete Option 010 Time (yrs)

TEXTURE, NOISE & FRICTION Pavement Surface Characteristics

Texture Measurement

US 30 Random Transverse Tined 110 dBA

DFT / CTM vs. the Skid Trailer Friction (Microtexture) MPD (Macrotexture) Skid Number (SN40S)

DFT / CTM vs. the Skid Trailer

Noise vs. Friction Trafficked Pavements

/4” S + 1/16” D + Turf Random S + 1/8” D + Burlap 1” S + 1/8” D + Burlap 3/4” S + 1/8” D + No Pretexture 3/4” S + 1/4” D + Burlap1/2” S + 1/8” D + Burlap3/4” S + 1/8” D + Burlap (Short) Diamond Grinding 1/2” S + 1/8” D + Burlap Standard TurfHeavy TurfHeavy Burlap Standard Burlap 3/4” S + 1/8” D + Turf 1/2” S + 1/16” D + Burlap3/4” S + 1/16” D + Burlap3/4” S + 1/8” D + Burlap (Long) Longitudinal TiningTransverse TiningDragDiamond Grinding 18 1” S + 1/8” D + Burlap DFT/CTM Friction ASTM E 274 Skid Trailer Measured Friction

SOUND of SILENCE… What’s New? Pavement Surface Characteristics

NGCS Compared to Pre-Traffic CDG CDG NGCS

NGCS – How is it accomplished?

NGCS Compared to Trafficked CDG CDG NGCS CDG

NGCS Results Noise Results (Ampl)

OBSI Frequency Spectrums (Freq)

CONCLUSIONS Sustainability of Concrete Pavements Early Experiments in Transportation

History – why transverse tining 2005 FHWA TA  Move to long. textures Quieter Safe More uniform Acoustic durability! Friction and Noise – Longitudinal textures If noise is issue – NGCS is durable solution! Summary/Conclusions

Resources… Engineering Bulletin Pavement Surf. Char.: Synthesis and Guide Available on our website: Topics for our 2009 program : Concrete Mix Design Basics Concrete Pavement Materials Sustainability of PCCP Curing Hydration Processes Introduction to the M-E PDG Joint Layout and Design Life Cycle Cost Basics Materials Incompatibility Maturity Slipform Paving Operations Soil Stabilization Texturing Concrete Pavements Thickness Design – Municipal Troubleshooting Slabs on Grade PROFESSORS SEMINAR CONCRETE PAVEMENT 101/201

Questions?